Wear Of Polymers And Composites

Book Description :

In the field of tribology, the wear behaviour of polymers and composite materials is considered a highly non-linear phenomenon. Wear of Polymers and Composites introduces fundamentals of polymers and composites tribology. The book suggests a new approach to explore the effect of applied load and surface defects on the fatigue wear behaviour of polymers, using a new tribometer and thorough experiments. It discusses effects of surface cracks, under different static and cyclic loading parameters on wear, and presents an intelligent algorithm, in the form of a neural network, to map the relationship between wear rate and relevant factors. Using the aforementioned method leads to more accurate and cost effective prediction of surface fatigue wear rates, under different service conditions. The first three chapters of the book introduce polymers and composite materials tribology, followed by three chapters that cover testing in wear, applied load and contact pressure and surface defects. The remaining chapter moves on to predicting wear of polymers, and concludes by discussing questions and problems. Prepares senior undergraduates as well as postgraduate students Focuses on the factors influencing wear of polymers and composites Contains detailed design of Tribometer, wear test procedures and detailed dataset of more than 50 experimental wear tests Introduces an artificial neural network approach as one of the recently developed wear prediction models.

Book Description :

Providing a useful summary of current knowledge on the friction and wear properties of composite materials, this book fills the gap between publications on fundamental principles of tribology and those on the friction and wear behavior of metals and polymers. Detailed coverage is given of: the fundamental aspects of tribology in general and polymer composites in particular; the effects of the microstructure of composites on friction and wear behavior under different external loading conditions; and the problem of the control of friction and wear behavior in practical situations. Although emphasis is on polymer composites associated with bearing-type applications, part of the book is also devoted to the friction and wear of metal-based composites and rubber compounds. The data are represented in the form of 277 figures, diagrams and photographs, and 68 tables. The author index covers more than 670 references, and the subject index more than 1,000 keywords. The book will be of particular interest to: those involved in research on some aspects of polymer composites tribology (material scientists, physical chemists, mechanical engineers); those wishing to learn more methods for solving practical friction or wear problems (designers, engineers and technologists in industries, dealing with selection, reprocessing and application of polymer engineering materials); and teachers and students at universities.

Book Description :

Presents state-of-the-art processing techniques and readily applicable knowledge on processing of polymer composites The book presents the advancement in the field of reinforced polymer composites with emphasis on manufacturing techniques, including processing of different reinforced polymer composites, secondary processing of green composites, and post life cycle processing. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each processing method and the effect of processing parameters on the overall performance of the composites. Characterization and applications of reinforced polymer composites are also introduced. Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment starts off by providing readers with a comprehensive overview of the field. It then introduces them to the fabrication of both short fiber/filler reinforced polymer composites and laminated reinforced polymer composites. Next, it takes them through the processing of polymer-based nanocomposites; the many advances in curing methods of reinforced polymer composites; and post life cycle processing, re-processing, and disposal mechanisms of reinforced polymer composites. Numerous other chapters cover: synthetic versus natural fiber reinforced plastics; characterization techniques of reinforced plastics; friction and wear analysis of reinforced plastics; secondary processing of reinforced plastics; and applications of reinforced plastics. -Presents the latest development in materials, processing, and characterization techniques, as well as applications of reinforced polymer composites -Guides users in choosing the best processing methods to produce polymer composites and successfully manufacture high quality products -Assists academics in sorting out basic research questions and helps those in industry manufacture products, such as marine, automotive, aerospace, and sport goods Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment is an important book for materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemical engineers, process engineers, and anyone involved in the chemical or plastics technology industry.

Book Description :

Download Friction and Wear of Polymer Composites book written by Klaus Friedrich, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

This book deals with the new and now-expanding field of friction, wear, and other surface-related mechanical phenomena for polymers. Polymers have been used in various forms such as bulk, films, and composites in applications where their friction, wear resistance, and other surface-related properties have been effectively utilized. There are also many examples in which polymers have performed extremely well, such as in tyres, shoes, brakes, gears, bearings, small moving parts in electronics and MEMS, cosmetics/hair products, and artificial human joints. Around the world, much research is currently being undertaken to develop new polymers, in different forms, for further enhancing tribological performance and for finding novel applications. Keeping in view the importance of tribology of polymers for research and technology as well as the vast literature that is now available in research papers and review articles, this timely book brings together a wealth of research data for an understanding of the basic principles of the subject. Contents: Bulk Polymers:Adhesion and Friction of PolymersTribophysical Interpretation of Polymer Sliding MechanismsScaling Effects in Tribotesting of PolymersBiopolymer TribologyReinforced Polymers:Wear of Polytetrafluoroethylene and PTFE CompositesMechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Polymers Filled with Inorganic Particulate FillersThe Sliding Wear of Polypropylene and Its BlendsBrake Friction MaterialsPolymer Films:Mechanical Properties of Thin Polymer Films Within ContactsAFM Testing of Polymeric Resist Films for Nanoimprint Lithographyand other papers Readership: Engineering professionals working on polymers for designing bearing materials; managers and researchers in materials laboratories; graduate students in the area of materials/tribology. Keywords:Polymer;Tribology;Wear;Friction;ScratchingKey Features:Covers, for the first time, all areas of polymer tribology (bulk, films, composites, and applications) in one comprehensive bookDescribes new applications for polymers, such as in microscale and nanoscale machines where surface properties or tribology play a crucial role in the durability and performance of the machineCompiles various works in this area into one volume, and includes opinions or contributions from some of the world's leading authorities in this fieldReviews:“This book brings together a vast wealth of research data and a fundamental understanding of the basic principles in this important research area. Those working in the field of polymer tribology will find it helpful in learning about the most recent developments. Those new to the area will find its many chapters on the fundamentals of polymer tribology very instructive.”IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine

Book Description :

Tribology of Polymer Composites: Characterization, Properties, and Applications provides an exhaustive overview of the latest research, trends, applications and future directions of the tribology of polymer composites. Covering novel methods for the synthesis of polymer composites and their properties, the book starts by reviewing the fabrication techniques, wear and frictional properties of polymer composite materials. From there, it features chapters looking at the tribological behavior and properties of specific polymer composite materials such as synthetic fiber-reinforced, cellulose fiber-reinforced, wood fiber, synthetic fiber, mineral fiber-reinforced, and thermosetting composites. Final chapters cover the tribology of polymer nanocomposites and particulate polymer composites and their metal coatings. Applied examples spanning a wide range of industries are emphasized in each chapter. Demonstrates the potential of polymer composites and their applications Covers novel methods for the synthesis of polymer composites and their properties Reviews the fabrication techniques, wear and frictional properties of polymer composite materials

Book Description :

Tribology is emerging from the realm of steam engines and crank-case lubricants and becoming key to vital new technologies such as nanotechnology and MEMS. Wear is an integral part of tribology, and an effective understanding and appreciation of wear is essential in order to achieve the reliable and efficient operation of almost any machine or device. Knowledge in the field has increased considerably over recent years, and continues to expand: this book is intended to stimulate its readers to contribute towards the progress of this fascinating subject that relates to most of the known disciplines in physical science. Wear – Materials, Mechanisms and Practice provides the reader with a unique insight into our current understanding of wear, based on the contributions of numerous internationally acclaimed specialists in the field. Offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge in the field of wear. Discusses latest topics in wear mechanism classification. Includes coverage of a wide variety of materials such as metals, polymers, polymer composites, diamonds, and diamond-like films and ceramics. Discusses the chemo-mechanical linkages that control tribology, providing a more complete treatment of the subject than just the conventional mechanical treatments. Illustrated throughout with carefully compiled diagrams that provide a unique insight into the controlling mechanisms of tribology. The state of the art research on wear and the mechanisms of wear featured will be of interest to post-graduate students and lecturers in engineering, materials science and chemistry. The practical applications discussed will appeal to practitioners across virtually all sectors of engineering and industry including electronic, mechanical and electrical, quality and reliability and design.

Book Description :

Polymers and polymer composites have been increasinqly used in place of metals for various industries; namely, aerospace, automotive, bio-medical, computer, electrophotography, fiber, and rubber tire. Thus, an understanding of the interactions between polymers and between a polymer and a rigid counterface can enhance the applications of polymers under various environments. In meet ing this need, polymer tribology has evolved to deal with friction, lubrication and wear of polymeric materials and to answer some of the problems related to polymer-polymer interactions or oolymer rigid body interactions. The purpose of this first International Symposium was to introduce advances in studies of polymer friction and wear, especially in Britain and the U.S.S.R. Most earlier studies of the Fifties were stimulated by the growth of rubber tire industries. Continuous research through the Sixties has broadened the base to include other polymers such as nylon, polyolefins, and poly tetra fluoroethylene, or PTFE. However, much of this work was published in engineering or physics journals and rarely in chemistry journals; presumably, the latter have always considered the work to be too applied or too irrelevant. Not until recent years have chemists started to discover words such as tribo-chemistry or mechano chemistry and gradually become aware of an indispensable role in this field of polymer tribology. Thus, we were hoping to bring the technology up to date during this SympOSium, especially to the majority of participants, polymer chemists by training.

Book Description :

Tribology of Polymeric Nanocomposites provides a comprehensive description of polymeric nanocomposites, both as bulk materials and as thin surface coatings, and provides rare, focused coverage of their tribological behavior and potential use in tribological applications. Providing engineers and designers with the preparation techniques, friction and wear mechanisms, property information and evaluation methodology needed to select the right polymeric nanocomposites for the job, this unique book also includes valuable real-world examples of polymeric nanocomposites in action in tribological applications. Provides a complete reference to polmer nanocomposite material use in tribology from preparation through to selection and use. Explains the theory through examples of real-world applications, keeping this high-level topic practical and accessible. Includes contributions from more than 20 international tribology experts to offer broad yet detailed coverage of this fast-moving field.

Book Description :

A gathering of leading experts in the field of high temperature polymers unite in this exciting compilation to discuss applications and marketing projections in this ever-expanding field. The authors represent a diverse group of academicians, industrial researchers, consultants, managers, and marketing forecasters and present a broad-based view of polymer technology. Topics include: liquid crystalline polymers; high temperature polyimides; heat-resistant engineering polymers; and high temperature organic polymers, including their chemistry and key functional properties in moldings, films, fibers, and coatings, as well as applications in electronics, packaging, and friction/wear. This is an essential source of data on high temperature polymers.

Book Description :

This book deals with the new and now-expanding field of friction, wear, and other surface-related mechanical phenomena for polymers. Polymers have been used in various forms such as bulk, films, and composites in applications where their friction, wear resistance, and other surface-related properties have been effectively utilized. There are also many examples in which polymers have performed extremely well, such as in tyres, shoes, brakes, gears, bearings, small moving parts in electronics and MEMS, cosmetics/hair products, and artificial human joints. Around the world, much research is currently being undertaken to develop new polymers, in different forms, for further enhancing tribological performance and for finding novel applications. Keeping in view the importance of tribology of polymers for research and technology as well as the vast literature that is now available in research papers and review articles, this timely book brings together a wealth of research data for an understanding of the basic principles of the subject.

Book Description :

This book first introduces polymers and polymer composites which are widely used in different industrial and engineering applications where the proper selection of fiber, filler, and polymer can be tailored for particular application. The primary objective of this book is to broaden the knowledge of tribology of polymer composites in a new dimension for Industry 4.0. For instance, the book covers polymer composites used as self-lubricating material used in the automotive industry and other manufacturing equipment to reduce the effect of energy loss due to friction and wear. This book is of interest to researchers and industrial practitioners who work in the field of tribology of polymer composites, manufacturing equipment and production engineering.

Book Description :

This handbook is a collection of authoritative information in the new and expanding field of polymer tribology. It brings together various research topics in the field of polymer tribology in a single volume, and provides relevant data in polymer tribology for research and industrial applications.The book's chapters are written by active, world-renowned researchers in the field. Subjects covered in this book range from the fundamentals of polymer tribology to highly applied topics such as machine element design (bearing and gears), hip prosthetic and microsystems applications.Readers in the field of tribology, in general, and polymer tribology, in particular, will find it very useful as it covers nearly all aspects of polymer tribology. Academics creating new courses based on polymer tribology will also find this book's comprehensive coverage valuable. Researchers will find this book a ready source of the state-of-the-art in the field of polymer tribology.

Book Description :

This excellent volume will serve as an indispensable reference and source book for process design, tool and production engineers in composite manufacturing. It provides the reader with a comprehensive treatment of the theory of machining as it applies to fiber reinforced polymer composites. It covers the latest technical advances in the area of machining and tooling, and discusses the applications of fiber reinforced polymer composites in the aircraft and automotive industries.

Book Description :

Environmental concerns are driving demand for bio-degradable materials such as plant-based natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. These composites are fast replacing conventional materials in many applications, especially in automobiles, where tribology (friction, lubrication and wear) is important. This book covers the availability and processing of natural fiber polymer composites and their structural, thermal, mechanical and, in particular, tribological properties. Chapter 1 discusses sources of natural fibers, their extraction and surface modification. It also reviews the thermal, structural, mechanical, spectroscopic and morphological properties of unmodified and chemically modified natural fibers such as sisal, jute, wood, bamboo and cotton together with their potential applications. Chapter 2 gives a brief introduction to the tribology of polymer composites and the role of fiber reinforcement and fillers in modifying their tribological properties. Further chapters discuss the chemical composition, physical structure, mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of polymer composites reinforced with sisal, jute, cotton and bamboo fibers. The tribological behaviour of wood polymer composites (WPCs) is also discussed. Tribology of natural fibre polymer composites is a useful reference guide for engineers, scientific and technical personnel involved in the development of natural fiber composites. In particular it will give an insight into mechanical properties and failure mechanisms in situations where wear, lubrication and friction are a problem. Examines the availability and processing of natural fiber composites and their structural, thermal, mechanical and tribological properties Explores sources of natural fibers, their extraction and surface modification as well as properties of chemically modified natural fibers Provides an overview of the tribology of polymer composites and the role of fiber reinforcement and filters in modifying tribological composites

Book Description :

Advances in Bio-Based Fibres: Moving Towards a Green Society describes many novel natural fibers, their specific synthesis and characterization methods, their environmental sustainability values, their compatibility with polymer composites, and a wide range of innovative commercial engineering applications. As bio-based fiber polymer composites possess excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, along with highly sustainable properties, they are an important technology for manufacturers and materials scientists seeking to improve the sustainability of their industries. This cutting-edge book draws on the latest industry practice and academic research to provide advice on technologies with applications in industries, including packaging, automotive, aerospace, biomedical and structural engineering. Provides technical data on advanced material properties, including electrical and rheological Gives a comprehensive guide to appraising and applying this technology to improve sustainability, including lifecycle assessment and recyclability Includes advice on the latest modeling techniques for designing with these materials

Book Description :

At present, the use of polymer composites filled with wood (WPC) is becoming increasingly popular. In particular, flooring of terraced premises, siding, decorative fences, fence systems, steps, universal profiles, among others are made from WPC. In 1977, the first enterprise for the production of WPC appeared in Sweden. The first experience was not very successful – the demand turned out to be low, and the wear of technological equipment was very high. Therefore, developments in this field were resumed only in the 1990s and continue to this day. This book describes the basic physical and mechanical properties of modern WPC, such as tensile and compression strength, and hardness. Also, the influence of climatic factors on the performance properties of products from WPC is described, while the thermal and rheological properties of WPC materials are considered, which directly affect the consumer characteristics of the products. The book contains theoretical developments related to the prediction of the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers and composites. The Van der Waals volume and the energy of the intermolecular interaction are estimated. This book will be of interest to representatives of the WPC market, designers, and architects, as well as technology engineers, students and post-graduate students of higher educational institutions in the fields of chemistry and physics of composite polymer materials.

Book Description :

Much research has been carried out and a lot of progress has been made towards the use of composite materials in a wide field of tribological applications. In recent years studies have been made to determine to what degree phenomena governing the tribological performance of composites can be generalized and to consolidate interdisciplinary information for polymer-, metal- and ceramic matrix composites. The importance of promoting better knowledge in the areas of friction, lubrication and wear, in general, is demonstrated by the contents of this volume. It covers a wide range of subjects extending from fundamental research on the tribological characteristics of various multi-phase materials up to final applications of composites in wear loaded, technical components. Besides the emphasis on composites tribology, the great practical aspect of the field in many industrial applications is also reviewed by authors who are engaged in applied research as well as those in more academic activities. The articles in this volume will facilitate both researchers and mechanical designers in their work towards a set of predictive, materials engineering-related models for a more reliable use of composites as tribo-materials. Through the study of, and observation of, the tribology of sensibly formulated composite systems may emerge a clear and more profound understanding of the subject of tribology. In this sense, this book offers a major and critical evaluation of the state of understanding of the principles of tribology and its ability to serve the practical and commercial needs of this technology generally, and particularly in the context of composite systems.

Book Description :

Composites are a class of material, which receives much attention not only because it is on the cutting edge of active material research fields due to appearance of many new types of composites, e.g., nanocomposites and bio-medical composites, but also because there are a great deal of promises for their potential applications in various industries ranging from aerospace to construction due to their various outstanding properties. This book mainly deals with fabrication and property characterization of various composites by focusing on the following topics: functional and structural nanocomposites, numerical and theoretical modelling of various damages in long fiber reinforced composites and textile composites, design, processing and manufacturing technologies and their effects on mechanical properties of composites, characterization of mechanical and physical properties of various composites, and metal and ceramic matrix composites. This book has been divided into five sections to cover the above contents.

Book Description :

Engineering Design with Polymers and Composites, Second Edition continues to provide one of the only textbooks on the analysis and design of mechanical components made from polymer materials. It explains how to create polymer materials to meet design specifications. After tracing the history of polymers and composites, the text describes modern design concepts, such as weight-to-strength ratio and cost-to-strength ratio, for selecting polymers and composites for design applications. It also presents computer methods for choosing polymer materials from a database, for optimal design, and for laminated plate design. New to the Second Edition This edition rearranges many chapters and adds a significant amount of new material. Composites are now covered in two chapters, instead of one. This edition also includes entirely new chapters on polymer fusing and other assembly techniques, rapid prototyping, and piezoelectric polymers. Suitable for mechanical and civil engineering students as well as practicing engineers, this book helps readers get an edge in the rapidly changing electromechanical industry. It gives them a fundamental foundation for understanding phenomena that they will encounter in real-life applications or through subsequent study and research.