The Performance Of Concentrated Solar Power Csp Systems

Book Description :

The Performance of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Systems: Analysis, Measurement, and Assessment offers a unique overview of the information on the state-of-the-art of analysis, measurement, and assessment of the performance of concentrated solar power (CSP) components and systems in a comprehensive, compact, and complete manner. Following an introductory chapter to CSP systems and the fundamental principles of performance assessment, individual chapters explore the component performance of mirrors and receivers. Further expert-written chapters look at system performance assessment, durability testing, and solar resource forecasting for CSP systems. A final chapter gives an outlook on the actual methods and instruments for performance and durability assessment that are under development. The Performance of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Systems: Analysis, Measurement, and Assessment is an essential reference text for research and development professionals and engineers working on concentrated solar power systems, as well as for postgraduate students studying CSP. Presents a unique, single literature source for a complete overview of the performance assessment tools and methods currently used for concentrated solar power (CSP) technology Written by a team of experts in the field of CSP Provides information on the state-of-the-art of modeling, measurement, and assessment of the performance of CSP components and systems in a comprehensive, compact, and complete manner

Book Description :

This second edition of Concentrating Solar Power Technology edited by Keith Lovegrove and Wes Stein presents a fully updated comprehensive review of the latest technologies and knowledge, from the fundamental science to systems design, development, and applications. Part one introduces the fundamental principles of CSP systems, including site selection and feasibility analysis, alongside socio-economic and environmental assessments. Part two focuses on technologies including linear Fresnel reflector technology, parabolic-trough, central tower, and parabolic dish CSP systems, and concentrating photovoltaic systems. Thermal energy storage, hybridization with fossil fuel power plants, and the long-term market potential of CSP technology are also explored. Part three goes on to discuss optimization, improvements, and applications, such as absorber materials for solar thermal receivers, design optimization through integrated techno-economic modelling, and heliostat size optimization. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Concentrating Solar Power Technology, 2nd Edition is an essential guide for all those involved or interested in the design, production, development, optimization, and application of CSP technology, including renewable energy engineers and consultants, environmental governmental departments, solar thermal equipment manufacturers, researchers, and academics. Provides a comprehensive review of concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, from the fundamental science to systems design, development and applications Reviews fundamental principles of CSP systems, including site selection and feasibility analysis and socio-economic and environmental assessments Includes an overview of the key technologies of parabolic-trough, central tower linear Fresnel reflector, and parabolic dish CSP systems, and concentrating photovoltaic systems

Book Description :

In this work a predictive performance simulation of Solar Tower and Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power plants was undertaken for three sites in Northern Nigeria. The simulation was done using Solar Advisor Model (SAM). The three sites - Minna, Kano, and Sokoto - were selected based on their Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI) values and hours of sunshine per day which are comparable to that of the sites where Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants are operating in Southern Spain. The simulation process adopted for this study includes: configuration of receiver and collector components, selection of Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) and specification of the operating temperatures, sizing and configuration of solar field, specification of power cycle design point, specification of the thermal storage parameters, and optimization of hour of thermal energy storage, solar multiple and cooling system. The results show that the Solar Tower plant is more favoured to be adopted for use in the study sites because it has higher annual electrical energy generation, a higher capacity factor and lower Levelised costs of electricity. The Net Present Value of the CSP plants at all the sites is positive implying that the project is economically viable. The study also showed that at solar multiple of 2, the levelised cost of electricity for both Solar Towers and Parabolic Troughs is the lowest, irrespective of the cooling system (wet or dry cooling). Solar multiple has no effect on the water usage irrespective of the CSP plant. Dry cooling system reduces the water usage by 86% and 95% for Solar Tower and Parabolic Trough plants, respectively. The annual electrical energy generations of the CSP plants increase with increasing solar multiple. Dry cooling systems reduce the annual electrical energy generation in the range of 7.3 to 7.5 percent for the Solar Tower plant and 8 to 9 percent for the Parabolic Trough plant.

Book Description :

This book opens with a brief introduction to renewable energy and the advantages of solar energy systems, an overview of concentrated solar power (CSP) system technologies and modeling, and the application of artificial neural network (ANN) technologies in various solar field systems. Later chapters cover data and operation methods of central tower receiver power plants (CTRPP), important models of ANN techniques used in solar energy fields, accurate methods for modeling CTRPP, the economics of solar energy systems, the CSP impacts on the penetration level of photovoltaic (PV) systems, and a look at the reliability of systems using case studies on PV systems and hybrid PV and CSP systems. Provides an introduction to renewable energy and the advantages of solar energy systems Outlines methods for modeling central tower receiver power plants Includes case studies on photovoltaic (PV) and hybrid PV and concentrated solar power systems

Book Description :

Concentrating solar power (CSP) is an effective way to convert solar energy into electricity with an economic energy-storage capability for grid-scale, dispatchable renewable power generation. However, CSP plants need to reduce costs to be competitive with other power generation methods. Two ways to reduce CSP cost are to increase solar-to-electric efficiency by supporting a high-efficiency power conversion system, and to use low-cost materials in the system. The current nitrate-based molten-salt systems have limited potential for cost reduction and improved power-conversion efficiency with high operating temperatures. Even with significant improvements in operating performance, these systems face challenges in satisfying the cost and performance targets. This paper introduces a novel CSP system with high-temperature capability that can be integrated into a high-efficiency CSP plant and that meets the low-cost, high-performance CSP targets. Unlike a conventional salt-based CSP plant, this design uses gas/solid, two-phase flow as the heat-transfer fluid (HTF); separated solid particles as storage media; and stable, inexpensive materials for the high-temperature receiver and energy storage containment. We highlight the economic and performance benefits of this innovative CSP system design, which has thermal energy storage capability for base-load power generation.

Book Description :

Heat and mass transfer is the core science for many industrial processes as well as technical and scientific devices. Automotive, aerospace, power generation (both by conventional and renewable energies), industrial equipment and rotating machinery, materials and chemical processing, and many other industries are requiring heat and mass transfer processes. Since the early studies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there has been tremendous technical progress and scientific advances in the knowledge of heat and mass transfer, where modeling and simulation developments are increasingly contributing to the current state of the art. Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Science and Technology Applications aims at providing researchers and practitioners with a valuable compendium of significant advances in the field.

Book Description :

Concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage (CSP-TES) is a unique source of renewable energy in that the solar thermal energy can be dispatched similarly to conventional thermal generation. However, CSP-TES plants are energy-limited, meaning that their response might be restricted by solar availability. Therefore, the use of this limited solar energy must be optimally scheduled toprovide the greatest value to the system. The timing of CSP-TES dispatch depends on a variety of factors, including electricity demand patterns, the penetration of variable generation sources, and the configuration of the CSP-TES plant itself. We use an established CSP-TES modeling framework in a commercially available production cost model to compare the dispatch and value of two CSP-TEStechnologies (molten salt towers and parabolic troughs) in a Colorado test system. In addition, we consider a range of configuration parameters, such as the solar multiple and thermal energy storage limit, to evaluate how the operational and capacity value varies with plant configuration.

Book Description :

Photovoltaics and concentrating solar power (CSP) are two primary forms of electricity generation using sunlight. These use different technologies, collect different fractions of the solar resource, and have different siting and production capabilities. Although PV systems are most often deployed as distributed generation sources, CSP systems favor large, centrally located systems. Accordingly, large CSP systems require a substantial investment, sometimes exceeding $1 billion in construction costs. Before such a project is undertaken, the best possible information about the quality and reliability of the fuel source must be made available. That is, project developers need to have reliable data about the solar resource available at specific locations to predict the daily and annual performance of a proposed CSP plant. Without these data, no financial analysis is possible. This handbook presents detailed information about solar resource data and the resulting data products needed for each stage of the project.

Book Description :

Design of Solar Thermal Power Plants introduces the basic design methods of solar thermal power plants for technicians engaged in solar thermal power generation engineering. This book includes the author’s theoretical investigation and study findings in solar heat concentrators, a performance evaluation of solar thermal collectors, a numerical simulation of the heat transfer process between complex geometrics, heat transfer through radiation, and more. Containing theoretical descriptions of solar concentrators and receivers, practical engineering examples, and detailed descriptions of site selections for solar thermal power plants, this book has a strong theoretical and practical value for readers. Contains practical guidance and applications, making it more useful and user-friendly for CSP engineers Includes theoretical investigation in solar heat concentrators, performance evaluation of solar thermal collectors, and the numerical simulation of heat transfer between complex geometrics with practical applications

Book Description :

Solar energy is expanding worldwide and becoming an increasingly important part of the energy mix in many countries. Solar energy is used all over the world, but in terms of total installed solar capacity, India, China, Japan, and the United States are now top of the world. Solar panels can create power almost anywhere on the planet. However, some regions receive more sunshine than others and hence have a greater solar energy potential. It is based on insolation, which is a measurement of how much solar radiation reaches a specific area on the earth's surface. Solar energy can be captured in a variety of ways. Photovoltaic solar panels are the most frequent method. Photovoltaic (PV) devices use semiconductors to generate power directly from sunlight. Photons impact and ionize semiconductor material on the solar panel as the silicon photovoltaic solar cell absorbs solar energy, causing electrons to break free of their atomic bonds. A flow of electrical current is created when electrons are compelled to move in one direction. Only a portion of the light spectrum is absorbed, while the rest is reflected, too faint (infrared), or generates heat rather than electricity (ultraviolet). Concentrated solar power is the second type of solar energy technology (CSP). Solar thermal energy is used in CSP facilities to create steam, which is subsequently turned into electricity via a turbine. The global solar energy installed capacity is estimated to reach 1,645 gigawatts (GW), registering a CAGR is 13.78%. The growth of the solar energy market is driven by an increase in environmental pollution and the provision of government incentives & tax rebates to install solar panels. In addition, a decrease in water footprint associated with solar energy systems has fueled their demand in power generation sectors. The demand for solar cells has gained major traction owing to a surge in rooftop installations, followed by an increase in applications in the architectural sector. Furthermore, the demand for parabolic troughs and solar power towers in electricity generation is expected to boost the demand for concentrated solar power systems. Only the two commonly recognized kinds of technology for converting solar energy into electricity — photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP, also known as solar thermal) — are considered in their current and possible future forms in The Future of Solar Energy. Expanding the solar sector considerably from its current small size may result in developments that no one can predict right now. Solar deployment in the future will be highly influenced by uncertain future market conditions and public policies, including but not limited to measures aimed at mitigating global climate change. The book covers a wide range of topics connected to Solar, as well as their manufacturing processes. It also includes contact information for machinery suppliers, as well as images of equipment. A complete guide on Solar PV Power and Solar Products manufacture and entrepreneurship. This book serves as a one-stop-shop for everything you need to know about the Solar, which is ripe with opportunities for manufacturers, merchants, and entrepreneurs. This is the only book that covers Solar PV Power and Solar Products in depth. From concept through equipment procurement, it is a veritable feast of how-to information.

Book Description :

Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for the conversion of solar energy into electricity are technologically robust, scalable, and geographically dispersed, and they possess enormous potential as sustainable energy sources. Systematic planning and design considering various factors and constraints are necessary for the successful deployment of PV and CSP systems. This book on solar power system planning and design includes 14 publications from esteemed research groups worldwide. The research and review papers in this Special Issue fall within the following broad categories: resource assessments, site evaluations, system design, performance assessments, and feasibility studies.

Book Description :

This book provides a detailed examination of how two key concerns in many communities across the globe- power and water- can be simultaneously addressed through the coupling of Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination (CSP+D) plants. It undertakes a technological and economic evaluation of the integration of Multi-effect Distillation Plants into CSP plants based on Parabolic Trough solar collectors (PT-CSP+MED), as compared to independent water and power production through Reverse Osmosis unit connection to a CSP plant (CSP+RO). Through this compare and contrast method of analysis, the author establishes guidelines to assist readers in identifying cases wherein PT-CSP+MED systems provide greater benefits from a thermodynamic and economic point of view. The text outlines efficiencies and challenges derived from the combination of PT-CSP power generation with four different desalination plant scenarios, beginning with a description of the equations used in the modeling and validation of a pilot MED plant and followed by detailed thermodynamic analysis of several currently operating CSP+D systems. Comparative thermodynamic assessments are based on a sensitivity analysis from which the overall efficiency of the cogeneration system is determined. The author outlines all the equations used for the modeling of each component and includes 97 comparative tables obtained from the sensitivity analysis, showing the variation of the overall thermal efficiency of the CSP+D as a function of fundamental parameters of the cogeneration cycle, such as the specific electric consumption of the desalination plants, and the turbine outlet temperature of the power cycle. These findings are then placed in practical context through a complete thermo-economic analysis, which is carried out for two specific locations in the Middle East and Europe in order to identify the most practically and economically viable CSP+D system in each region as informed by actual operating conditions, meteorological data and real cost figures for each location.

Book Description :

Download Optimizing Concentrating Solar Power with Thermal Energy Storage Systems in California book written by Alicia Abrams,Farnaz Farzan,Sudipta Lahiri,Ralph D. Masiello, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

After decades of research and development, concentrating solar thermal (CST) power plants (also known as concentrating solar power (CSP) and as Solar Thermal Electricity or STE systems) are now starting to be widely commercialized. Indeed, the IEA predicts that by 2050, with sufficient support over ten percent of global electricity could be produced by concentrating solar thermal power plants. However, CSP plants are just but one of the many possible applications of CST systems. Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology provides detailed information on the latest advances in CST systems research and technology. It promotes a deep understanding of the challenges the different CST technologies are confronted with, of the research that is taking place worldwide to address those challenges, and of the impact that the innovation that this research is fostering could have on the emergence of new CST components and concepts. It is anticipated that these developments will substantially increase the cost-competiveness of commercial CST solutions and reshape the technological landscape of both CST technologies and the CST industry. After an introductory chapter, the next three parts of the book focus on key CST plant components, from mirrors and receivers to thermal storage. The final two parts of the book address operation and control and innovative CST system concepts. Contains authoritative reviews of CST research taking place around the world Discusses the impact this research is fostering on the emergence of new CST components and concepts that will substantially increase the cost-competitiveness of CST power Covers both major CST plant components and system-wide issues

Book Description :

Download Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

Concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage (CSP-TES) is a unique source of renewable energy in that the solar thermal energy can be dispatched similarly to conventional thermal generation. However, CSP-TES plants are energy-limited, meaning that their response might be restricted by solar availability. Therefore, the use of this limited solar energy must be optimally scheduled to provide the greatest value to the system. The timing of CSP-TES dispatch depends on a variety of factors, including electricity demand patterns, the penetration of variable generation sources, and the configuration of the CSP-TES plant itself. We use an established CSP-TES modeling framework in a commercially available production cost model to compare the dispatch and value of two CSP-TES technologies (molten salt towers and parabolic troughs) in a Colorado test system. In addition, we consider a range of configuration parameters, such as the solar multiple and thermal energy storage limit, to evaluate how the operational and capacity value varies with plant configuration.

Book Description :

This is the first book dedicated to solar gas turbines, providing fundamental knowledge and state-of-the-art developments in the field. A gas turbine is a heat engine in which a mixture of fuel and air is burned in a chamber that is an integral part of the flow circuit of the working fluid. The burnt gas mixture expands and turns the turbine, which can be connected to a generator for electricity production. Solar gas turbines offer an important alternative to conventional gas turbines driven by non-renewable, polluting fossil fuels such as diesel or natural gas. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the topic as well as numerous illustrations.

Book Description :

Energy crises have been a major problem in Pakistan for many years. The country, which became independent in 1947, has struggled to meet the gap between the demand and supply of electricity. The electricity demand, as in most countries, has been significantly increasing over time. Most of the power generated to meet this demand is by using fossil fuels. As it is well known, these fuels are not only harmful to the environment but are also finite. Renewable energy has the potential to replace conventional fuels, and among renewables, solar energy is one of the most abundant resource. Two predominant energy conversion processes that enable the conversion of solar energy to electricity: photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) conversion. Both conversion technologies rely on storage. CSP uses thermal storage, while PV relies mostly on electrochemical storage. The thermal inertia and storage make a CSP plant dispatchable, similar to a conventional fossil fuel-based plant. This work focuses on the design, optimization, and performance analysis of CSP power plants for Pakistan, and also includes the development of a novel central receiver plant optimization software. This thesis is a combination of three projects. The 1st project presents a comparative study of different CSP technologies: line concentrated (Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), and Linear Fresnel Reflectors (LFR)) and point concentrated technologies (central receiver system (CRS)) for Pakistan. Switching between the line and point concentrated technologies opens a new window of available sites. Thus, two different locations, Quetta and Nawabshah are selected based on the type of technology. A model of 100 MW integrated with 10 hours of thermal energy storage is proposed for each plant. The objective of this project is to find the best combination of site and technology for a CSP plant in Pakistan. The 2nd project presents the effect of using molten salt-based nanofluids for performance enhancement of the CSP plant for Pakistan. This work aims to find an optimal combination of nanoparticles and molten salt. The selected site is Nawabshah in the province of Sindh. A 100-MW PTC plant is modeled using the System Advisor Model (SAM) and is integrated with thermal energy storage of up to 10 hours. From literature, nanoparticles with the highest share of usage in performance enhancement of PTC collectors (CuO, Al2O3, and TiO2) with different fractions are selected and Hitec Solar Salt is considered as the base fluid. The performance is compared based on annual power generation, capacity factor, plant efficiency, and required thermal storage volume. The first two projects utilize existing modeling and optimization tools and are in the context of Pakistan, but the final project is a contribution to the overall CSP community and industry. The performance of the central receiver system plant is significantly affected by the positioning of heliostats and their aimpoints. Optimal aimpoints for heliostats are required to prevent receiver material damage due to excess heating and to obtain desired flux profile on the receiver. In the 3rd project, we develop a software decision tool (HALOS) that uses innovative optimization methods to determine the optimal aimpoints and layout for the solar collection field. The tool allows a plant designer to obtain a well-planned solar field layout that accounts for the aimpoint strategy to the receiver, which will: (i) reduce capital requirements for the heliostat field, by reducing the required land and number of heliostats to send the target amount of irradiance to the receiver; and (ii) increase the optical efficiency of the system, by minimizing field losses and reducing the number of inactive heliostats due to thermal flux constraints on the receiver. We also present a case study that utilizes the tool developed in this project to improve the plant design proposed in the 1st project. The development of HALOS was a team effort and had a large scope; hence, the contribution of each team member and specifically of the author of this thesis are acknowledged in detail in Chapter 4. The main conclusions and contribution for our study are: • Switching between point- and line-focused CSP technologies results in improved performance of CSP plants it allows to use high sloped terrains, which opens options for sites with the higher solar resource in Pakistan. • Showing that the use of a nanofluid can enhance the performance of CSP power plants in Pakistan. 8.85% increase in annual energy is recorded with nanofluids compared to the base fluid. • Developing a novel decision tool that optimizes the solar power tower system and can help improve not only future but existing plant designs as well.

Book Description :

Energy storage will help enable CSP compete by adding flexibility value to a high-variable-generation (solar plus wind) power system (see Mehos et al. 2016). Compared with PV, CSP systems are more complex to develop, design, construct, and operate, and they require a much larger minimum effective scale--typically at least 50 MW, compared with PV systems that can be as small as a few kilowatts. In recent years, PV's greater modularity and lower LCOE have made it more attractive to many solar project developers, and some large projects that were originally planned for CSP have switched to PV. However, the ability of CSP to use thermal energy storage--and thus provide continuous power for long periods when the sun is not shining--could give CSP a vital role in evolving electricity systems. Because CSP with storage can store energy when net demand is low and release that energy when demand is high, it increases the electricity system's ability to balance supply and demand over multiple time scales. Such flexibility becomes increasingly important as more variable-generation renewable energy is added to the system. For example, one analysis suggests that, under a 40% renewable portfolio standard in California, CSP with storage could provide more than twice as much value to the electricity system as variable-generation PV. For this reason, enhanced thermal energy storage is a critical component of the SunShot Initiative's 2020 CSP technology-improvement roadmap.

Book Description :

Solar Receivers for Thermal Power Generation: Fundamentals and Advanced Concepts looks at different Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems, their varying components, and the modeling and optimization of solar receivers. The book combines the detailed theory of receivers, all physical concepts in the process of converting solar radiation into electricity in CSP systems, and the main components of CSP systems, including solar concentrators, thermal receivers and power blocks. Main properties and working principles are addressed, along with the principles of solar resources and energy output of CSP systems and solar radiation. By covering different types and designs of solar receivers, heat transfer fluids, operating temperatures, and different techniques used in modeling and optimizing solar receivers, this book is targeted at academics engaged in sustainable energy engineering research and students specializing in power plant solarization. Features methods of modeling the thermal performance of different solar receivers Provides step-by-step linchpins to advanced theory and practice Includes global case studies surrounding progress in the development of solar receivers