Solar Energy Desalination Technology

Book Description :

Solar Energy Desalination Technology explains how to obtain clean water from sea water using solar energy. Special methods and types used in solar desalination are introduced, providing new thoughts, concepts, and feasible solutions in the desalination field, along with the thermal and economic efficiency relating to current technology. Many places in the world are suffering from fresh water shortage. However, those places are often rich with solar resources, sea water, and/or brackish water resources that could dramatically benefit from solar energy as a viable solution for the production of fresh water. Explains the principles of solar thermal energy usage to produce clean water from sea water Introduces and explains new kinds of solar desalination systems, including their technical level and working principle Provides fundamental knowledge on water treatment and solar collection

Book Description :

This book presents the latest developments and advances in solar desalination technology, including the concept, design, testing, modeling, economics and innovation. The chapters in this volume are contributed by leading international researchers and are based on original research material. The contents of this volume will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and policymakers alike.

Book Description :

Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Handbook: Applications and Thermodynamics offers a practical handbook on the use of renewable technologies to produce freshwater using sustainable methods. Sections cover the different renewable technologies currently used in the field, including solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear desalination. This coverage is followed by an equally important clear and rigorous discussion of energy recovery and the thermodynamics of desalination processes. While seawater desalination can provide a climate-independent source of drinking water, the process is energy-intensive and environmentally damaging. This book provides readers with the latest methods, processes, and technologies available for utilizing renewable energy applications as a valuable technology. Desalination based on the use of renewable energy sources can provide a sustainable way to produce fresh water. It is expected to become economically attractive as the costs of renewable technologies continue to decline and the prices of fossil fuels continue to increase. Covers renewable energy sources, such as nuclear, geothermal, solar and wind powered desalination and energy storage and optimization Includes energy recovery schemes, optimization and process controls Elaborates on the principles of thermodynamics and second law efficiencies to improve process performance, including solar desalination Explains global applicability of solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear energy sources with case studies Discusses renewable energy-desalinated water optimization schemes for island communities

Book Description :

The need for fresh water is increasing with the rapid growth of the world's population. In countries and regions with available water resources, it is necessary to ensure the health and safety of the water supply. However, in countries and regions with limited freshwater resources, priority is given to water supply plans and projects, among which the desalination strategy stands out. In the desalination process, membrane and thermal processes are used to obtain fresh water from salty water that is in abundant amounts in the sea. This book will outline valuable scientific contributions to the new desalination and water treatment technologies to obtain high quality water with low negative environmental impacts and cost. The editors would like to record their sincere thanks to the authors for their contributions.

Book Description :

This book provides a detailed examination of how two key concerns in many communities across the globe- power and water- can be simultaneously addressed through the coupling of Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination (CSP+D) plants. It undertakes a technological and economic evaluation of the integration of Multi-effect Distillation Plants into CSP plants based on Parabolic Trough solar collectors (PT-CSP+MED), as compared to independent water and power production through Reverse Osmosis unit connection to a CSP plant (CSP+RO). Through this compare and contrast method of analysis, the author establishes guidelines to assist readers in identifying cases wherein PT-CSP+MED systems provide greater benefits from a thermodynamic and economic point of view. The text outlines efficiencies and challenges derived from the combination of PT-CSP power generation with four different desalination plant scenarios, beginning with a description of the equations used in the modeling and validation of a pilot MED plant and followed by detailed thermodynamic analysis of several currently operating CSP+D systems. Comparative thermodynamic assessments are based on a sensitivity analysis from which the overall efficiency of the cogeneration system is determined. The author outlines all the equations used for the modeling of each component and includes 97 comparative tables obtained from the sensitivity analysis, showing the variation of the overall thermal efficiency of the CSP+D as a function of fundamental parameters of the cogeneration cycle, such as the specific electric consumption of the desalination plants, and the turbine outlet temperature of the power cycle. These findings are then placed in practical context through a complete thermo-economic analysis, which is carried out for two specific locations in the Middle East and Europe in order to identify the most practically and economically viable CSP+D system in each region as informed by actual operating conditions, meteorological data and real cost figures for each location.

Book Description :

A growing proportion of the world’s population is dependent on Seawater Desalination as a source of fresh water for both potable and civil use. One of the main drawbacks of conventional desalination technologies is the substantial energy requirement, which is facing cost increases in the global energy market. "Seawater Desalination" presents an overview of conventional and non-conventional technologies, with a particular focus on the coupling of renewable energies with desalination processes. The first section of this book presents, in a technical but reader-friendly way, an overview of currently-used desalination processes, from thermal to membrane processes, highlighting the relevant technical features, advantages and disadvantages, and development potential. It also gives a rapid insight into the economic aspects of fresh water production from seawater. The second section of the book presents novel processes which use Renewable Energies for fresh water production. From the first solar still evaporators, which artificially reproduced the natural cycle of water, technology has progressed to develop complex systems to harness energy from the sun, wind, tides, waves, etc. and then to use this energy to power conventional or novel desalination processes. Most of these processes are still at a preliminary stage of development, but some are already being cited as examples in remote areas, where they are proving to be valuable in solving the problems of water scarcity. A rapid growth in these technologies is foreseen in the coming years. This book provides a unique foundation, within the context of present and future sustainability, for professionals, technicians, managers, and private and public institutions operating in the area of fresh water supply.

Book Description :

The book looks at water availability and water demand in various sectors till 2050, presenting a methodology to prioritize options both on the demand and on the supply side, with a special focus on renewable energy desalination.

Book Description :

This book of the NATO Science Series presents the state-of-the-art of Desalination Technologies driven by Renewable Energies, highlighting the results achieved in the research field and presenting the potentialities of such technologies. It provides an up-to-date point-of-reference on the topic, giving an extensive overview of the current status of solar desalination, both from the research and industrial point of view.

Book Description :

Sustainable Energy Technologies for Seawater Desalination provides comprehensive coverage of the use of renewable energy technologies for sustainable freshwater production. Included are design concepts for desalination and sustainable energy technologies based on thermodynamics, heat transfer, mass transfer and economics. Key topics covered include desalination fundamentals and models, desalination assessments using energy and exergy methods, economics of desalination and the optimization of renewable energy-driven desalination systems. Illustrative examples and case studies are incorporated throughout the book to demonstrate how to apply the concepts covered in practical scenarios. Following a coherent approach, starting from fundamentals and basics and culminating with advanced systems and applications, this book is relevant for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in engineering and non-engineering programs. Provides a comprehensive resource on sustainable freshwater production Describes how to analyze renewable energy-based desalination using energy and exergy methods and economic assessments, and how to carry out performance optimization Incorporates numerous examples and case studies to illustrate practical applications Presents the most up-to-date information with recent developments

Book Description :

Thermal Solar Desalination: Methods and Systems presents numerous thermal seawater desalination technologies varying from the very simple, easy to construct and operate solar stills, to the more advance membrane and indirect distillation methods. All types of solar thermal desalination technologies are presented in detail to enable readers to comprehend the subject, from design details to enabling further research to be carried out in this area. The various units used in desalination are outlined, along with diagrams of all detailed working principles of desalination methods and systems. The authors consider the economic aspects of these processes, demonstrating successful implementation of desalination units suitable for areas where supplies of fresh water in natural ways is limited or non-existent. Includes detailed descriptions and design of all types of solar thermal desalination systems Lists a comprehensive record of seawater and fresh water thermophysical properties required in the design of desalination systems Contains equations to calculate and analyze the performance of the processes examined and assesses their practicality and application

Book Description :

The book presents a thorough overview of the latest trends and challenges in renewable energy technologies applications for water desalination, with an emphasis on environmental concerns and sustainable development. Emphasis is on the various uses of renewable energy, as well as economics & scale-up, government subsidies & regulations, and environmental concerns. It provides an indication on how renewable energy technologies are rapidly emerging with the promise of economic and environmental viability for desalination. Further it gives a clear indication on how exactly to accelerate the expansion and commercialization of novel water production systems powered by renewable energies and in what manner environmental concerns may be minimized. This book is all-inclusive and wide-ranging and directed at decision makers in government, industry and the academic world as well as students.

Book Description :

Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination such as: A Short Historical Review Of Renewable Energy; Renewable Energy Resources; Desalination With Renewable Energy - A Review; Renewable Energy And Desalination Systems; Why Use Renewable Energy For Desalination; Thermal Energy Storage; Electrical Energy Storage; Tidal Energy; Desalination Using Tidal Energy; Wave Energy; Availability Of Wind Energy And Its Estimation; The Use Of Geothermal Energy In Desalination; Solar Radiation Energy (Fundamentals); High Temperature Solar Concentrators; Medium Temperature Solar Concentrators (Parabolic-Troughs Collectors); Low Temperature Solar Collectors; Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; Photovoltaics; Flat-Plate Collectors; Large Active Solar Systems: Load; Integration Of Solar Pond With Water Desalination; Large Active Solar Systems: Typical Economic Analysis; Evacuated Tube Collectors; Parabolic Trough Collectors; Central Receivers; Configuration, Theoretical Analysis And Performance Of Simple Solar Stills; Development In Simple Solar Stills; Multi-Effect Solar Stills; Materials For Construction Of Solar Stills; Reverse Osmosis By Solar Energy; Solar Distillation; Solar Photochemistry; Photochemical Conversion Of Solar Energy; Availability Of Solar Radiation And Its Estimation; Economics Of Small Solar-Assisted Multipleeffect Seawater Distillation Plants; A Solar-Assisted Sea Water Multiple Effect Distillation Plant 15 Years Of Operating Performance (1985-1999);Mathematical Simulation Of A Solar Desalination Plant; Mathematical Models Of Solar Energy Conversion Systems; Multiple Effect Distillation Of Seawater Using Solar Energy – The Case Of Abu Dhabi Solar Desalination Plant; Solar Irradiation Fundamentals; Water Desalination By Humidification And Dehumidification Of Air, Seawater Greenhouse Process. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers

Book Description :

Solar Energy Conversion and Photoenergy Systems: Thermal Systems and Desalination Plants theme in five volumes is a component of Encyclopedia of Energy Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Solar Energy Conversion and Photoenergy Systems: Thermal Systems and Desalination Plants with contributions from distinguished experts in the field, discusses solar energy, renewable energy, thermal systems, and desalination systems, some of which are already in commercial and practical applications and others are under research and testing level. The volumes provide an analysis and discussion about the reasons behind the current efforts of our society, considering both developed and developing countries, to accelerate the exploitation of the huge solar energy potential in our normal daily lives. The five volumes also provide some basic information about the solar energy potential, history and the amazing trip of a photon from its creation in the Sun until its arrival to the Earth. These five volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers, NGOs and GOs.

Book Description :

The book presents chapters from world leaders on water desalination advances with respect to processes, separations materials, and energy and environmental considerations. It provides a balanced discussion of the mature and newer desalination technologies and provides a fundamental assessment of the potential of emerging approaches. Realistic assessments for the feasibility of energy extraction from salinity gradients, desalting high salinity source water, membrane distillation, capacitive deionization, are among the topics discussed. Also, among the topics discussed in the book are recent advances in the desalination application of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and surface structuring of membranes.

Book Description :

As perhaps the most promising of all the renewable energy sources available today, solar energy is becoming increasingly important in the drive to achieve energy independence and climate balance. This new book is the masterwork from world-renowned expert Dr. Soteris Kalogirou, who has championed solar energy for decades. The book includes all areas of solar energy engineering, from the fundamentals to the highest level of current research. The author includes pivotal subjects such as solar collectors, solar water heating, solar space heating and cooling, industrial process heat, solar desalination, photovoltaics, solar thermal power systems, and modeling of solar systems, including the use of artificial intelligence systems in solar energy systems, modeling and performance prediction. *Written by one of the world's most renowned experts in solar energy *Covers the hottest new developments in solar technology, such as solar cooling and desalination *Packed with quick look up tables and schematic diagrams for the most commonly used systems today'

Book Description :

Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination such as: A Short Historical Review Of Renewable Energy; Renewable Energy Resources; Desalination With Renewable Energy - A Review; Renewable Energy And Desalination Systems; Why Use Renewable Energy For Desalination; Thermal Energy Storage; Electrical Energy Storage; Tidal Energy; Desalination Using Tidal Energy; Wave Energy; Availability Of Wind Energy And Its Estimation; The Use Of Geothermal Energy In Desalination; Solar Radiation Energy (Fundamentals); High Temperature Solar Concentrators; Medium Temperature Solar Concentrators (Parabolic-Troughs Collectors); Low Temperature Solar Collectors; Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; Photovoltaics; Flat-Plate Collectors; Large Active Solar Systems: Load; Integration Of Solar Pond With Water Desalination; Large Active Solar Systems: Typical Economic Analysis; Evacuated Tube Collectors; Parabolic Trough Collectors; Central Receivers; Configuration, Theoretical Analysis And Performance Of Simple Solar Stills; Development In Simple Solar Stills; Multi-Effect Solar Stills; Materials For Construction Of Solar Stills; Reverse Osmosis By Solar Energy; Solar Distillation; Solar Photochemistry; Photochemical Conversion Of Solar Energy; Availability Of Solar Radiation And Its Estimation; Economics Of Small Solar-Assisted Multipleeffect Seawater Distillation Plants; A Solar-Assisted Sea Water Multiple Effect Distillation Plant 15 Years Of Operating Performance (1985-1999);Mathematical Simulation Of A Solar Desalination Plant; Mathematical Models Of Solar Energy Conversion Systems; Multiple Effect Distillation Of Seawater Using Solar Energy – The Case Of Abu Dhabi Solar Desalination Plant; Solar Irradiation Fundamentals; Water Desalination By Humidification And Dehumidification Of Air, Seawater Greenhouse Process. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers

Book Description :

Desalination Technologies: Design and Operation sets the scene for desalination technologies as a long-term solution to freshwater demand by analyzing the current demand for water, available water resources and future predicted demand. The book captures recent developments in thermal desalination (multistage flash desalination, multi-effect evaporation, vapor compression), membrane desalination (forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, pressure retarded, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, ultra-, nano-, and micro-filtration), and alternative processes such as freezing and ion exchange. Both dynamic and steady state models (from short cut, simple, to detail) of various desalination processes are discussed. The book is intended for (under)graduate students in chemical engineering and postgraduate researchers and industrial practitioners in desalination. Provides the fundamentals of different desalination processes Includes desalination modeling from short and simple, to detailed and more advanced Discusses desalination optimization and synthesis to reduce environmental impact Handles thermo-physical property models and correlations Includes case studies to give a clearer understanding of desalination

Book Description :

Solar-Driven Water Treatment: Re-engineering and Accelerating Nature’s Water Cycle looks at the use of solar energy and in particular photovoltaic technologies, as a viable, accessible and sustainable option in the treatment of water. Solar-Driven Water Treatment: Re-engineering and Accelerating Nature’s Water Cycle provides insight into the different solar powered technologies, in-depth information about the viability of sunlight in the water treatment process, the potential environmental implications as well as the performance, economics, operation and maintenance of the discussed technologies. Elaborating on the potential issues and health risks associated with the water purification systems this reference also covers the need for appropriate technologies in the present scenario to improve worldwide access to clean drinking water. Readers will learn the most appropriate technology for their specific need making this book useful for renewable energy and environmental engineers in investigating energy efficiency, water treatment technologies, and the economics of technological change in the treatment of water by solar technologies. Provides a valuable resource on how to solve the issue of drinking water scarcity by solar energy Describes various solar water treatment techniques with their environmental impacts Cover issues associated with solar water purification and the need for technology assessment

Book Description :

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Book Description :

Undoubtedly, drinking water of an acceptable quality has become a scarce commodity. Water shortage is becoming a major concern all around the world due to limited freshwater resources as well as the high cost of freshwater transportation from freshwater-rich areas to arid areas. As a result, solutions such as water recycling and desalination of saline or brackish water are being introduced and emerging worldwide as alternative ways of supplying water. Desalination of seawater is known to be one of mankind’s earliest forms of water treatment, and it has become one of the most sustainable alternative solutions to provide freshwater for many communities and industrial sectors. This book aims to cover the challenges and opportunities in desalination processes.