Self Injurious Behavior In Intellectual Disabilities

Book Description :

This book addresses self-injurious behavior (SIB) in individuals with various neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs). It takes a cross-NDC perspective that synthesizes recent research on variability in incidence and presentation across NDCs and the natural history and neurobiology of SIB. Chapters examine implications for biobehavioral definitions of subtypes of SIB and provide a detailed guide to assessment and intervention using an integrated research-based model for individualized treatment. In addition, chapters present a practice-focused structure using case studies to illustrate clinical implications of research findings. The book concludes with a discussion of current directions in research and their potential to guide innovation in prevention and treatment of SIB. Topics featured in this handbook include: · Self-restraint among individuals who self-injure. · Self-injurious behavior in individuals with autism spectrum conditions. · Assessing and managing short-term effects of SIB. · Reducing risk of, and responding to, relapse following successful intervention with SIB. · Ethical issues associated with working with people who engage in self-injurious behaviors. Self-Injurious Behavior in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and practitioners as well as graduate students in the fields of clinical child and school psychology, applied behavior analysis, pediatrics, social work, developmental psychology, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, child and adolescent psychiatry, clinical psychology and psychiatry of adult intellectual disability, and special education.

Book Description :

Self-Injurious Behavior in Intellectual Disabilities gives a broad overview of the literature in the area of self-injurious behavior in people with intellectual disabilities, but most of the text is dedicated to the review of the behavioral and biological research in this field. In fact, it is our view that the most promising heuristic approach for the advancement of our understanding of this phenomenon and for its management and treatment is likely the bio-behavioral perspective in which behavior can be studied at the intersect of learning and the biological bases of behavior. We propose an overarching heuristic model, which we call the Gene-Brain-Behavior Model of Self-Injurious Behavior that presents a platform to integrate disparate, and previously isolated scientific approaches. Written by 3 authors to provide cohesive coverage Bridges the gap between psychological behavior and psychiatry Examines the overlap between intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities

Book Description :

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a baffling, troubling, and hard to treat phenomenon that has increased markedly in recent years. Key issues in diagnosing and treating NSSI adequately include differentiating it from attempted suicide and other mental disorders, as well as understanding the motivations for self-injury and the context in which it occurs. This accessible and practical book provides therapists and students with a clear understanding of these key issues, as well as of suitable assessment techniques. It then goes on to delineate research-informed treatment approaches for NSSI, with an emphasis on functional assessment, emotion regulation, and problem solving, including motivational interviewing, interpersonal skills, CBT, DBT, behavioral management strategies, delay behaviors, exercise, family therapy, risk management, and medication, as well as how to successfully combine methods.

Book Description :

It is estimated that 7.2 million people in the United States have mental retardation or associated impairments - a spectrum now referred to as "intellectual disability." This book provides professionals with the latest and most reliable information on these disabilities. It utilizes a developmental perspective and reviews the various types of intellectual disabilities, discusses approaches to classification, diagnosis, and appropriate interventions, and provides information on resources that may offer additional help. Case examples are included in each section to highlight specific diagnostic and treatment issues. The emphasis in this book is on the development of the person, the provision of interventions for behavioral and emotional problems associated with intellectual disability, and the positive support necessary for self-determination. It discusses the facilitation of transitions throughout the lifespan from infancy to maturity and old age. Additionally, the book reviews evaluations for behavioral and emotional problems, genetic factors, appropriate psychosocial, medical, and pharmacological interventions, and family and community support.

Book Description :

This handbook offers a comprehensive review of intellectual disabilities (ID). It examines historical perspectives and foundational principles in the field. The handbook addresses philosophy of care for individuals with ID, as well as parent and professional issues and organizations, staffing, and working on multidisciplinary teams. Chapters explore issues of client protection, risk factors of ID, basic research issues, and legal concerns. In addition, chapters include information on evidence-based assessments and innovative treatments to address a variety of behaviors associated with ID. The handbook provides an in-depth analysis of comorbid physical disorders, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy and seizures, and developmental coordination disorders (DCD), in relation to ID. Topics featured in this handbook include: Informed consent and the enablement of persons with ID. The responsible use of restraint and seclusion as a protective measure. Vocational training and job preparation programs that assist individuals with ID. Psychological and educational approaches to the treatment of aggression and tantrums. Emerging technologies that support learning for students with ID. Key sexuality and relationship issues that are faced by individuals with ID. Effective approaches to weight management for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The Handbook of Intellectual Disabilities is an essential reference for researchers, graduate students, clinicians and related therapists and professionals in clinical child and school psychology, pediatrics, social work, developmental psychology, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, child and adolescent psychiatry, and special education.

Book Description :

Self-injurious behavior occurs in almost half of those with autism and is one of the most devastating and challenging-to-treat behaviors. There are many different forms of self-injury, such as head banging, hand biting, hair pulling, excessive scratching, and much more. With contributions from the leading experts in research and treatment, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or related developmental disabilities, and the different methods available to treat them. Medical and behavioral researchers have studied SIB for over 50 years, but many practitioners and parents are still unfamiliar with the wide range of contributing causes and treatment options. Beginning with an explanation of SIB and its various forms, the contributors outline the many possible underlying causes of self-injury, such as seizures, hormonal imbalance in teenagers, gastrointestinal conditions, allergies, and stress, and show how a multi-disciplinary approach when uncovering the causes of self-injury can lead to successful treatment strategies. They explain the treatment options available for SIB, including nutritional, medical, psychiatric, sensory, and behavioral approaches, and show how an integrative approach to treating self-injury may be effective for many individuals. The book will be an invaluable addition to the bookshelves of any practitioner working with people with an ASD or related condition, as well as parents and direct care providers.

Book Description :

Anxiety is a prevalent and often debilitating condition for individuals on the autism spectrum. This book promotes a multidisciplinary approach to intervention and treatment of the condition, providing professional understanding of the underlying causes and available treatments. With chapters co-authored by well-known advocates and pioneering researchers, contributors examine factors including sensory processing issues, sleep impairments and the crossover between the autonomic nervous system and immune system. The book expands upon current areas of research, including immune activation and the role of environmental toxicants, dietary and nutritional support, the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and individualised methods of managing stress and anxiety. Providing an invaluable resource for professionals and academics seeking further insight into anxiety and autism, this book explores contemporary research and sets the groundwork for the most effective methods of treatment for individuals of all ages.

Book Description :

This handbook presents a diverse range of effective treatment approaches for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Its triple focus on key concepts, treatment and training modalities, and evidence-based interventions for challenging behaviors of individuals with IDD provides a solid foundation for effective treatment strategies, theory-to-implementation issues, and the philosophical and moral aspects of care. Expert contributions advocate for changes in treating individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities by emphasizing caregiver support as well as respecting and encouraging client autonomy, self-determination, and choice. With its quality-of-life approach, the handbook details practices that are person-centered and supportive as well as therapeutically sound. Topics featured in the handbook include: Functional and preference assessments for clinical decision making. Treatment modalities from cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy to mindfulness, telehealth, and assistive technologies. Self-determination and choice as well as community living skills. Quality-of-life issues for individuals with IDD. Early intensive behavior interventions for autism spectrum disorder. Skills training for parents of children with IDD as well as staff training in positive behavior support. Evidence-based interventions for a wide range of challenging behaviors and issues. The Handbook of Evidence-Based Practices in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in clinical psychology, social work, behavior therapy, and rehabilitation.

Book Description :

Child psychology is a constantly expanding field, with dozens of specialized journals devoted to major disorders springing up in recent years. With so much information available – and the prospect of overload inevitable – researchers and clinicians alike need to navigate the knowledge base with as much confidence as they do the nuances of diagnosis and their young clients’ complex social, emotional, and developmental worlds. Treating Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities fills this need by summarizing and critiquing evidence-based treatment methods for pediatric patients from infancy through adolescence. After a concise history of evidence-based treatment, promising new trends, and legal/ethical issues involved in working with young people, well-known professors, practitioners, and researchers present the latest data in key areas of interest, including: (1) Cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied behavior analysis. (2) The effects of parenting in treatment outcomes. (3) Interventions for major childhood pathologies, including ADHD, PTSD, phobias, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and conduct disorder. (4) Interventions for autistic spectrum disorders and self-injuring behaviors. (5) Techniques for improving communication, language, and literacy in children with developmental disabilities. (6) Treatments for feeding and eating disorders. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for the researcher’s library and the clinician’s desk as well as a dependable text for graduate and postgraduate courses in clinical child, developmental, and school psychology. (A companion volume, Assessing Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities, is also available.)

Book Description :

This new book brings together the latest research in the battle against autism. According to numerous news reports, the increase in special needs children has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 2 to 6 in 1,000 individuals. Autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls and knows no racial, ethnic, or social boundaries. Autism is a spectrum disorder. The symptoms and characteristics of autism can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe. Although autism is defined by a certain set of behaviors, children and adults can exhibit any combination of the behaviors in any degree of severity. People with autism process and respond to information in unique ways. In some cases, aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present.

Book Description :

That children are capable of pathology—not only such conditions as ADHD and learning disabilities, but also such "adult" disorders as anxiety and depression—stands as a defining moment in psychology’s recent history. Within this recognition is the understanding that the social skills deficits that accompany these disorders must be targeted for assessment and treatment to ensure optimal functioning in school, with peers, and in later transitions to puberty and adulthood. Social Behavior and Skills in Children cuts across disciplinary lines to clarify the scope of assessment options and interventions for a wide range of disorders. A panel of leading scholars reviews current research, discusses social deficits unique to specific disorders, and identifies evidence-based best practices in one authoritative, approachable reference. This volume: Discusses theoretical models of social skills as they relate to assessment and treatment. Analyzes the etiology of social behavior problems in children and the relation between these problems and psychopathology. Reviews 48 norm-referenced measures of social skills in children. Examines the range of evidence-based social skills interventions. Addresses challenging behaviors, such as aggression and self-injury. Focuses on specific conditions, including developmental disabilities, conduct disorders, ADHD, chronic medical illness, depression, anxiety, and severe psychopathology. Social Behavior and Skills in Children is an essential reference for university libraries as well as a must-have volume for researchers, graduate students, and clinicians in child, and school psychology, special education, and other related fields.

Book Description :

This volume addresses the topic of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in per sons with developmental disabilities. Among professionals and the lay public alike, there is little debate over the seriousness of self-injury, its detrimental effects, and the need for therapeutic intervention. At the same time, there are divergent views concerning its etiology and treat ment. Understanding the causes of self-injury, for example, requires an analysis of biological factors, socioenvironmental variables, communica tion competencies, and in complex clinical cases, the interrelationships among these influences. There is also uncertainty with regard to the function of self-injury. Put simply, why would people willingly inflict injury upon themselves? Finally, although there is little disagreement about the necessity to intervene for self-injury, clinicians do not make uniform therapeutic recommendations, and, in fact, considerable dif ferences in treatment selection are common. This fact is most apparent when one considers the ongoing controversy with regard to aversive and nonaversive programming. Our premise for this volume is that a greater understanding of self injurious behavior is dependent upon an empirical research base. Theories of causality must be conceptually valid and capable of being evaluated objectively. Treatment must be functionally determined, operationalized, and replicable across personnel and settings. For these reasons, we have assembled chapters by individuals who are experi enced clinicians and researchers in the fields of psychology, medicine, psychiatry, education, psychopharmacology, and developmental dis abilities.

Book Description :

A comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of the research on etiology and treatment of this chronic condition for which there is no known apparent cure. With an estimated prevalence rate of 13 per cent. SIB occurs most frequently among persons who are retarded and autistic. In this volume, the field's leading researchers examine a new generation of models and theories with a level of specificity far beyond what was heretofore imagined possible. From the burgeoning area of research on functional assessment and the behavioural and biological antecedents of SIB, to the role of Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome and opioid peptides, the work of these foremost basic, applied, and behavioural researchers is sure to greatly enhance feloow researchers', teachers', and clinicians' understanding of this devastating condition.

Book Description :

Autism is an emerging area of basic and clinical research, and has only recently been recognized as a major topic in biomedical research. Approximately 1 in 150 children are diagnosed as autistic, so it is also an intense growth area in behavioral and educational treatments. Financial resources have begun to be raised for more comprehensive research and an increasing number of scientists are becoming involved in autism research. In many respects, autism has become a model for conducting translational research on a psychiatric disorder. This text provides a comprehensive summary of all current knowledge related to the behavioral, experiential, and biomedical features of the autism spectrum disorders including major behavioral and cognitive syndromology, common co-morbid conditions, neuropathology, neuroimmunology, and other neurological correlates such as seizures, allergy and immunology, gastroenterology, infectious disease, and epidemiology. Edited by three leading researchers, this volume contains over 80 chapters and nine shorter commentaries by thought leaders in the field, making the book a virtual "who's who" of autism research. This carefully developed book is a comprehensive and authoritative reference for what we know in this area as well as a guidepost for the next several years in all areas of autism research.

Book Description :

Self-injurious behavior occurs in almost half of those with autism and is one of the most devastating and challenging-to-treat behaviors. There are many different forms of self-injury, such as head banging, hand biting, hair pulling, excessive scratching, and much more. With contributions from the leading experts in research and treatment, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or related developmental disabilities, and the different methods available to treat them. Medical and behavioral researchers have studied SIB for over 50 years, but many practitioners and parents are still unfamiliar with the wide range of contributing causes and treatment options. Beginning with an explanation of SIB and its various forms, the contributors outline the many possible underlying causes of self-injury, such as seizures, hormonal imbalance in teenagers, gastrointestinal conditions, allergies, and stress, and show how a multi-disciplinary approach when uncovering the causes of self-injury can lead to successful treatment strategies. They explain the treatment options available for SIB, including nutritional, medical, psychiatric, sensory, and behavioral approaches, and show how an integrative approach to treating self-injury may be effective for many individuals. The book will be an invaluable addition to the bookshelves of any practitioner working with people with an ASD or related condition, as well as parents and direct care providers.

Book Description :

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Book Description :

The Handbook of Crisis Intervention and Developmental Disabilities synthesizes a substantive range of evidence-based research on clinical treatments as well as organizational processes and policy. This comprehensive resource examines the concept of behavioral crisis in children and adults with special needs and provides a data-rich trove of research-into-practice findings. Emphasizing continuum-of-care options and evidence-based best practices, the volume examines crisis interventions across diverse treatment settings, including public and private schools, nonacademic residential settings as well as outpatient and home-based programs. Key coverage includes: Assessment of problem behaviors. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Family members’ involvement in prevention and intervention. Intensive treatment in pediatric feeding disorders. Therapeutic restraint and protective holding. Effective evaluation of psychotropic drug effects. The Handbook of Crisis Intervention and Developmental Disabilities is a must-have resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in clinical child, school, developmental, and counseling psychology, clinical social work, behavior therapy/analysis, and special education as well as other related professionals working across a continuum of service delivery settings.

Book Description :

First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Book Description :

Information about the symptoms, treatment, and research on Autism spectrum disorders including Autism and Asperger syndrome.

Book Description :

Intellectual disabilities have long been a concern for both practitioners and academics alike. With the introduction and advocacy of concepts to the public in recent decades, and the normalization and valorization of intellectual disabilities, humanistic concern has become the dominant trend in providing interventions and services for people with these issues. Today, various ideas for societal inclusion of those with intellectual disabilities have been introduced. However, many practitioners and academics have criticized these ideas as idealistic, and in many ways, inapplicable for actual social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. The situation is particularly serious regarding those intellectually disabled individuals presenting various forms of self-harm, aggression, disturbing behaviors, and emotional fluctuation (SADE: S =Self harm, A = Aggression, D = Disturbing behaviors, E = Emotional fluctuation). In many instances, social exclusion, labelling, punishments, deprivation of rights, physical restraints, as well as psychiatric medications are commonly used in controlling intellectual disabled clients with SADE.A thorough understanding of intellectually disabled clients has revealed that their self-harm, aggression, disturbing behaviors, and emotional fluctuations (SADE) are closely related to their unfulfilled needs, developmental traumas, abuse, neglect, and abandonment in their lives. These individuals have problems in expressing their views and emotions, as well as having severe attachment needs. Based on the writers' substantial experience, clinical practice, and supervision in working with intellectual disabled clients with SADE, this book is the first to formulate and consolidate the communication, emotionality, intimacy, and trauma based interpretation and intervention for intellectually disabled clients with SADE. This book provides methods for effective, humanistic, normalized, and integrated recovery of these individuals.