Hypodescent

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"This dissertation examines the crystallization of the one-drop rule in the United States between 1880 and 1940. The "one-drop rule" is a colloquial expression, a phrase which reflects the belief that a person bearing a trace of African ancestry (literally, a single drop of black or Negro "blood") is black. Historians and social scientists have tended to assume that, as a principle of classification, the one-drop rule can be traced back to the institution of slavery. This study provides a different account. Using a variety of methods, it attempts to explain how the one-drop rule developed, when it became institutionalized, and why. It also adopts a new approach to the study of race, ethnicity, and nationalism, an approach based largely although by no means exclusively on the work of Pierre Bourdieu. The study in its present form has been limited to five chapters. Chapter One explores the origins and development of the one-drop rule, while Chapter Two provides a detailed reading of the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Chapter Three provides a quantitative account of the country's history of anti-miscegenation legislation, while Chapter Four examines the role lynching played in the South as a means of social demarcation. The study ends in Chapter Five with a brief synopsis, an inquiry into the relationship between slavery and democracy, and a nonpartisan look at the legacy of the one-drop rule."--Leaf iii.

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Hypodescent is the concept that the minority status is the most salient in a biracial individual and therefore biracial individuals will be perceived as a minority. However, there may be more influencing the perception of biracial individuals than the amount of minority blood present. The purpose of this study is to determine if the presence of monoracial prime, White or Asian, will influence the perception of a biracial Asian American. If a biracial target is primed with a monoracial White prime, then the biracial individual will be hindered through hypodescent. But if a biracial target is primed with a monoracial minority prime, then the biracial individual will be helped through hyperdescent. Hyperdescent is the concept that the majority aspect is more salient and therefore the biracial individual will be perceived to be a majority. In this study, participants (N = 49) took an Implicit Association Test that measured that ability of participants to form associations between the adjectives and the biracial Asian targets and monoracial primes. Data was analyzed with MANOVAs and 2 x 2 x 2 mixed ANOVA. Results indicated that hypodescent and hyperdescent is applicable to biracial Asian Americans, and to a lesser extent, there may be a difference between the East Asian and South Asian ethnic groups.

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The real story behind this memoir is about self identity and belonging. Most adoptees have the identity question, "Who am I?" This book also examines the question, "What am I?" In the book Hypodescent - Discovering You Are Not Black: A Memoir Logan Allerton illustrates the various and unique situations in his early life which highlight how society helped define his personal identity from birth. Later in life DNA testing would amplify both of the questions above.Imagine walking through your entire life believing you are an African American in the United States and then suddenly discovering you are indeed Caucasian. This memoir is based on the memories of an adoptee born at the southern tip of the state of Illinois. Originally he was promised to a White couple under the premise that he was also White. But, upon observing his rather tan skin complexion the couple decided against adopting him. At that point, he was classified as a bi-racial African American and was adopted by an African American couple instead.He waited until later in life to begin researching for information about his birth parents. A major part of what prompted his curiosity was upon moving to Chicago his ethnicity was constantly questioned by those around him. During the search for his birth family he discovered modern science developed DNA testing that could determine his genetic ancestral past as well as his ethnicity and discovered he was not African American at all. When he finally received his adoption records the information reflected that both parents were Caucasian, and the determination of his ethnicity was simply left to the judgment of a social worker.In a journal style format he documents the year long identity crises he experienced after learning that he was, as defined by the U.S. Census, "White".

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Individuals of multiracial descent are often categorized and perceived as belonging to the socially subordinate (i.e. non-White) racial group, according to the rule of hypodescent, a product of the history of racial discrimination and segregation in the United States. This paper describes two studies of racial categorization which illustrate the importance of hypodescent in the social categorization of ambiguous multiracial targets. Hypodescent was observed among both Black and White observers (Studies 1 and 2), suggesting that societally enforced rules about racial categories affect individuals' decisions about the category membership of others. in Study 2, hypodescent was measured using a self-report questionnaire as well as a behavioral dual categorization procedure, but these measures were not found to correlate. Study 2 also illustrated that hypodescent may be stronger for Black-White multiracials than for Asian-White multiracials in behavioral, but not self-report, measures. Both studies provide mixed evidence regarding the influence of several previously-described personality variables and their relationship to the use of hypodescent. These findings are discussed in the context of broader social cognitive processes and the downstream application of stereotypes associated with marginalized racial categories.

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Download Michigan Law Review book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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?A hard-hitting critique of multiracial identity scholarship.... Challenging the most basic of assumptions, Spencer?s book has the potential to raise the standards of an entire field of study.? ?Kerry Ann Rockquemore, University of Illinois at Chicago?A brilliant book, well written, a breath of fresh air.... Spencer?s careful analysis of research on multiracial identity is a prelude to hard-hitting ideas that will make the reader think.? ?Robert M Moore III, Frostburg State UniversityWhat is multiracialism?and what are the theoretical consequences and practical costs of asserting a multiracial identity? Arguing that the multiracial movement bolsters, rather than subverts, traditional categories of race, Rainier Spencer critically assesses current scholarship in support of multiracial identity.Rainier Spencer is director of the Afro-American Studies Program and associate professor in the Department of Anthropology and Ethnic Studies at the University of Nevada.Contents: Introduction: Expecting Excellence in the Field of Multiracial Identity Studies. Ethnographic Analysis: Three Authors, Three Studies, One Problem. Psychobabble, Socioblather, and the Reinscription of the Pathology Paradigm. White Mothers, the Loving Legend, and Manufacturing a Biracial Baby Boom. Distinction Without Difference: The Insidious Argument for First-Generation Black/White Multiracial Identity. The Road Forward.

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Understanding the Psychology of Diversity offers a highly accessible examination of diversity to show students how to understand social and cultural differences in today’s society. Taking a psychological perspective, authors B. Evan Blaine and Kimberly J. McClure Brenchley explore how individuals construct their view of social diversity and how they are defined and influenced by it. The book covers traditional topics like categorization and stereotypes, sexism, racism, and social stigma, as well as non-traditional topics like sexual orientation-based prejudice, weight and appearance-based prejudice, diversity on television, and age stereotypes and ageism. The Fourth Edition confronts the credibility crisis that has surfaced in the academic psychological research community by following parameters for the research that is presented.

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How is race defined and perceived in America today, and how do these definitions and perceptions compare to attitudes 100 years ago... or 200 years ago? This four-volume set is the definitive source for every topic related to race in the United States.

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Smoke and Mirrors is a passionate, richly nuanced work that shows television as a circus, a wishing well, and a cure for loneliness. Ranging from Ed Sullivan to cyberspace, from kid shows to cable, and from the cheap thrills of "action adventure" to the solemn boredom of PBS pledge week, Leonard argues for a whole new way of thinking about television. For Leonard, the situation comedy is a socializing agency, the talk show is a legitimating agency, the made-for-television movie is the last redoubt of social conscience, and television criticism itself is the last refuge of time-serving thugs and postmodernists. Instead of scapegoating television as the cause of crime in our streets, stupidity in our schools, and spectacle rather than substance in our government, Leonard sees something else inside the box: an echo chamber and a feedback loop, a medium neither wholly innocent of nor entirely responsible for the frantic disorder it brings into our homes.

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A provocative analysis of current thought and discourse on multiracialism.

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On Being Different provides an up-to-date, comprehensive, and interdisciplinary account of diversity and multiculturalism in the United States and Canada. Kottak and Kozaitis clarify essential issues, themes, and topics in the study of diversity, including ethnicity, religion, gender, and sexual orientation. The book also presents an original theory of multiculturalism, showing how human agency and culture work to organize and change society. The authors use rich and varied ethnographic examples, from North America and abroad, to help students apply the material to their own lives, and thus gain a better understanding of diversity and multiculturalism.

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Download The Southern Historian book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Download Mirror for Humanity book written by Conrad Phillip Kottak, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Download The one drop rule book written by Alair MacLean,Elizabeth Thomson,Hani Guend,John D. DeLamater,Karen C. Swallen,Mary Elizabeth Campbell,Susan De Vos,Carolina Milesi,Elizabeth Arias,Flavia Andrade,Jennifer Eggerling-Boeck,Morgan Still, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Download The Review of Radical Political Economics book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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While full victory in that challenge has been slow to come, Diversity in Mind and in Action makes it clear that there are success stories to be shared?and new avenues to be spotlighted.

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Download The Berkeley McNair Journal book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Download Perpetual Others book written by Jacquetta Elizabeth Amdahl, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Media are an inescapable part of collectively shared realities, shaping our daily lives in complex and frequently unintelligible ways. In the wake of recent changes in the field of American Studies, questions of medium and mediality have become a central venue for interdisciplinary research and intradisciplinary self-examination. This volume collects twenty-three essays first presented at the 53rd conference of the German Association of American Studies. All of the essays are concerned in one way or another with the aesthetics and materiality of media. They cover a variety of topics ranging from the intermediality of American literature and the visual mediality of film and photography to the role of media in American politics and the impact of the internet. The volume is divided into five segments: The Book as Medium and the Mediality of Literature; Visual Culture; Intermediality: Image - Music - Text; Politics and the Public Sphere; The Didactics of Media Studies.

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Download The Racial Shadow in 20th Century American Literature book written by Julie Schrader Villegas, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.