Handbook Of Specialty Fluorinated Polymers

Book Description :

Fluoropolymers are used in applications demanding service at enhanced temperature while maintaining their structural integrity and have excellent combination of chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Advancements in materials and processing technology mean that a huge amount of research is currently taking place into new, high performance applications for specialty fluorinated polymers. This book is a complete review of the current research in synthesizing new fluorinated high performance polymers and their application in the field of low dielectric constant materials, membrane based separation (gas and liquid) and proton exchange membranes. Special emphasis is given to the preparation of soluble high performance polymers by incorporating fluorine and different structural elements so as to use these classes of polymers in different membrane based applications, including low dielectric constant materials, gas separation, pervaporation, proton exchange membranes in fuel cells, and more. The coverage of processing properties and commercial aspects - as well as a practical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of specialty fluoropolymers compared to other materials - enables engineers and product designers to apply the latest scientific developments in this area in a practical setting. Thorough coverage of modern applications for specialty fluorinated polymers, including membranes and coatings – giving insight into recent research and the future direction of this technology Brings researchers and engineers up to date with the latest developments in specialty fluoropolymers, to assist in future materials research and part design Includes detailed assessment of the advantages and shortcomings of specialty fluorinated polymers, for ease of comparison with alternative materials

Book Description :

Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook: The Definitive User's Guide, Second Edition, addresses important, frequently posed questions by end-user design engineers, coaters, and coatings suppliers on fluorinated coatings and finishes, thus enabling them to achieve superior product qualities and shorter product and process development times. The book provides broad coverage of these fluorinated polymer coatings, including the best known PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene, first trademarked as Teflon® and ePTFE (GoreTex®). Their inherent qualities of low surface tension, non-stick, low friction, high melting point, and chemical inertness make fluoropolymer coatings widely desirable across thousands of industrial and consumer applications, but these properties also make it difficult to convert fluoropolymers to coatings that have sufficient adhesion to the substrate to be protected. In this book, readers learn how fluoropolymer coatings are used and made, about their pigments and fillers, binders, dispersion processes, additives, and solvents. The book includes substrate preparation, coating properties, baking and curing processes, performance tests, applications, and health and safety. Provides a practical handbook that covers the theory and practice of fluorinated coatings, including the structure and properties of binders and how to get a non-stick coating to stick to the substrate Covers liquid and power fluorocoatings, their applications methods, curing and baking processes, and their commercial end uses Presents detailed discussions of testing methods related to fluorocoatings, common coating defects, how they form, how to eliminate them, and the health and safety aspects of using and applying fluorocoatings Includes substrate preparation, coating properties, baking and curing processes, performance tests, applications, and health and safety

Book Description :

Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Materials, and Applications, Second Edition, covers both the polymer basics that are helpful to bring readers quickly up-to-speed if they are not familiar with a particular area of plastics processing and the recent developments that enable practitioners to discover which options best fit their requirements. New chapters added specifically cover polyamides, polyimides, and polyesters. Hot topics such as 3-D printing and smart plastics are also included, giving plastics engineers the information they need to take these embryonic technologies and deploy them in their own work. With the increasing demands for lightness and fuel economy in the automotive industry (not least due to CAFÉ standards), plastics will soon be used even further in vehicles. A new chapter has been added to cover the technology trends in this area, and the book has been substantially updated to reflect advancements in technology, regulations, and the commercialization of plastics in various areas. Recycling of plastics has been thoroughly revised to reflect ongoing developments in sustainability of plastics. Extrusion processing is constantly progressing, as have the elastomeric materials, fillers, and additives which are available. Throughout the book, the focus is on the engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. The properties of plastics are explained, along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing, and analyzing them. Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don't teach you in school and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up-to-speed in a new field. Presents an authoritative source of practical advice for engineers, providing guidance from experts that will lead to cost savings and process improvements Ideal introduction for both new engineers and experienced practitioners entering a new field or evaluating a new technology Updated to include the latest technology, including 3D Printing, smart polymers, and thorough coverage of biopolymers and biodegradable plastics

Book Description :

Fluoropolymers display a wide range of remarkable properties and are used in a number of applications including high performance elastomers, thermoplastics, coatings for optical fibers, and hydrophobic and lipophobic surfaces. Fluorinated Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, Processing and Simulation covers the fundamentals of different fluorinated polymers. Topics include the kinetics of homopolymerisation and copolymerization, process chemistry, and controlled radical co-polymerisation techniques. Written by internationally recognized academic and industrial contributors, the book will be of interest to those in industry and academia working in the fields of materials science, polymer chemistry and energy applications of polymers. Together with Fluorinated Polymers: Applications, these books provide a complete overview of different fluorinated polymer materials and their uses.

Book Description :

Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, Fourth Edition provides complete coverage of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with its applications. This new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, with new chapters on radiation curing, biological adhesives, vitrimers, and 3D printing. This detailed handbook considers the practical implications of using thermoset plastics and the relationships between processing, properties and applications, as well as analyzing the strengths and weakness of different methods and applications. The aim of the book is to help the reader to make the right decision and take the correct action on the basis of informed analysis – avoiding the pitfalls the authors’ experience has uncovered. In industry, the book supports engineers, scientists, manufacturers and R&D professionals working with plastics. The information included will also be of interest to researchers and advanced students in plastics engineering, polymer chemistry, adhesives and coatings. Offers a systematic approach, guiding the reader through chemistry, processing methods, properties and applications of thermosetting polymers Includes thorough updates that discuss current practice and the new developments on biopolymers, nanotechnology, 3D printing, radiation curing and biological adhesives Uses case studies to demonstrate how particular properties make different polymers suitable for different applications Covers end-use and safety considerations

Book Description :

This third edition has been updated and expanded, providing industrial chemists, technologists, environmental scientists, and engineers with an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers. Highlighting existing and new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and processing conditions. It explores breakthroughs in understanding property-structure relationships, new polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers, such as melt-processable fluoroplastics. It also expands on the important properties of fluoropolymers, including heat and radiation degradation, health effects, and recycling. Features: • Revised, updated, and expanded to continue to provide an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers • Explores the property-structure relationships, polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers • Fluoropolymers rank high on the specialty polymers group and, due to their unique properties, are naturally part of the solution to the industrial sustainability challenges of the twenty-first century • Describes the technology of fluoropolymers, including thermoplastic and elastomeric products • Expands upon the important characteristics of fluoropolymers and their recycling.

Book Description :

Fluoropolymers are unique materials. Since the middle of the twentieth century fluropolymers have been used in applications where a wide temperature range, a high resistance to aggressive media, excellent tribological characteristics, and specific low adhesion are required. Today, researchers turn to fluoropolymers to solve new challenges and to develop materials with previously unattainable properties. Fascinating Fluoropolymers and Their Applications covers recent developments of fluoropolymer applications in energy, optical fibers, blood substitutes, textile coatings, membranes and other areas, written by experts in these fields. This volume in the Progress in Fluorine Science series is ideal for researchers and engineers who want to learn about the technology and applications of these special polymers, as well as industrial manufacturers who are interested in achieving new product characteristics in their respective industries. Written by a global team of fluoropolymer experts Includes use of fluoropolymer membranes for various applications in fuel cells, for gases separation, and more Covers fluoropolymer materials with shape memory, in cardiopulmonary bypass systems, in the production of textile materials, and in other areas

Book Description :

Introduction to Fluoropolymers, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the history, principles, properties, processing and applications of fluoropolymers, supporting their development and utilization in high-performance applications, components, and products. This second edition has been updated and expanded to include new in-depth chapters on manufacturing and applications of PTFE and melt processible fluoropolymers. The book begins by demonstrating the role of fluoropolymers in everyday life, before introducing the history and basic principles of fluoropolymers. This is followed by detailed coverage of the main fluoropolymer types. Properties and applications are illustrated by real-world examples as diverse as waterproof clothing, vascular grafts and coatings for aircraft interiors. The different applications of fluoropolymers show the benefits of a group of materials that are highly water-repellant and flame-retardant, with unrivalled lubrication properties and a high level of biocompatibility. Health and safety and environmental aspects are also covered throughout the book, with a final chapter examining safety, disposal, and recycling in detail. This book is an essential resource for anyone looking to understand or use fluoropolymer materials in their products. This includes engineers, product designers, manufacturers, scientists, researchers, and other professionals, across industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical devices, food and beverages, high performance apparel, oil and gas, renewable energy, solar photovoltaics, electronics and semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and chemical processing. This is also a valuable introductory guide for academic researchers and advanced students in plastics engineering, polymer science, and materials science. Introduces and demystifies fluoropolymers for a wide audience of engineers, designers, professionals, and researchers, across industries and disciplines Covers a broad range of materials, including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), vinylidene fluoride polymers, fluoroelastomers, and more Focuses on properties, processing methods and advanced industrial applications of fluoropolymers

Book Description :

Phase morphology in multicomponent polymer-based systems represents the main physical characteristic that allows for control of the material design and implicitly the development of new plastics. Emphasizing properties of these promising new materials in both solution and solid phase, this book describes the preparation, processing, properties, and practical implications of advanced multiphase systems from macro to nanoscales. It covers a wide range of systems including copolymers, polymer blends, polymer composites, gels, interpenetrating polymers, and layered polymer/metal structures, describing aspects of polymer science, engineering, and technology. The book analyzes experimental and theoretical aspects regarding the thermal and electrical transport phenomena and magnetic properties of crucial importance in advanced technologies. It reviews the most recent advances concerning morphological, rheological, interfacial, physical, fire-resistant, thermophysical, and biomedical properties of multiphase polymer systems. Concomitantly the book deals with basic investigation techniques that are sensitive in elucidating the features of each phase. It also discusses the latest research trends that offer new solutions for advanced bio- and nanotechnologies. Introduces an overview of recent studies in the area of multiphase polymer systems, their micro- and nanostructural evolutions in advanced technologies, and provides future outlooks, new challenges and opportunities. Discusses multicomponent structures that offer enhanced physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties adapted to current requirements of modern technologies. Covers a wide range of materials, such as composites, blends, alloys, gels and interpenetrating polymer networks. Presents new strategies for controlling the micro- and nanomorphology and the mechanical properties of multiphase polymeric materials. Describes different applications of multiphase polymeric materials in various fields, including automotive, aeronautics and space industry, displays, and medicine.

Book Description :

Plastics play a very important role in our daily lives. Throughout the world the demand for plastic, particularly plastic packaging, continues to rapidly grow. Polymer technology deals with the manufacture and production of polymer and synthetic substances. Plastic is incredibly versatile and can be made from different ingredients, moulded into any shape, and put to a huge range of uses across industry and the rest of society, from carrier bags to electrical cables. Polymer energy system is an award winning, innovative, proprietary process to convert waste plastics into renewable energy. Some of the important example of polymers and plastics are polytetra fluoroethylene (PTFE), polyether sulphone (PES), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), polyolefins, vinyl polymers, thermoplastic polyesters, polysulfones, poly(phenylene sulfide), etc. Polymers are the most rapidly growing sector of the materials industry. The Indian plastic industry has taken great strides. In the last few decades, the industry has grown to the status of a leading sector in the country with a sizable base. The material is gaining notable importance in different spheres of activity and the per capita consumption is increasing at a fast pace. Continuous advancements and developments in polymer technology, processing machineries, expertise, and cost effective manufacturing is fast replacing the typical materials in different segments with plastics. On the basis of value added, Indian share of plastic products industry is about 0.5% of national GDP. The major contents of the book are properties and applications of speciality plastics, thermoset plastics, applications of recycle plastics, introduction of polymer science, polymer additives, blends and composites, commodity thermoplastics and fibres etc. This book also consists of raw material suppliers for plastic and plastic products, manufacturers of plastic, processing machinery, plastics processing machinery and equipment (foreign), machinery and equipment for plastic converting, extruders and extrusion lines, injection moulding machines, presses and accessories, blow moulding and thermoforming machines etc. The book has been designed with the idea of blending and integrating basic polymer science and the technology of plastics into a composite structure. This book is an outcome of an endeavour in the direction of polymer and plastic processing. It would be of immense use to entrepreneurs, consultants, students and libraries etc.

Book Description :

This book focuses on exciting new research in polymer science. The first section of the book deals with new advancements in polymer technology, which includes polymers that are responsible for progress in the field of energy, electronics, and medical sciences. It focuses on the most promising polymer nanocomposites and nanomaterials. Composites are becoming more important because they can help to improve quality of life. The second section of the book highlights this aspect of macromolecules, while the third section emphasizes biopolymers, their development, and applications.

Book Description :

Utilizes an encyclopedic approach to cover the developments in polyolefins and styrenics during the last decade This book focuses on common types of polymers belonging to the class of polyolefins and styrenics. The text is arranged according to the chemical constitution of polymers and reviews the developments that have taken place in the last decade. A brief introduction to the polymer type is given and previous monographs and reviews dealing with the topic are listed for quick reference. The text continues with monomers, polymerization, fabrication techniques, properties, application, as well as safety issues. Providing a rather encyclopedic approach to polyolefins and styrenics, The Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Presents a listing of suppliers and commercial grades Reviews current patent literature, essential for the engineer developing new products Contains as extensive tradenames index with information that is fairly unique Concludes with an index of acronyms The Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Polyolefins and Styrenics provides a comprehensive reference for chemical engineers and offers advanced students with a textbook for use in courses on chemically biased plastics technology and polymer science.

Book Description :

The book summarizes many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of engineering polymers, such as oxygen containing main chain polymers (Polyether and Polyesters). The book emphasizes the various aspects of preparation, structure, processing, morphology, properties and applications of engineering polymers. Recent advances in the development and characterization of multi component polymer blends and composites (maco, micro and nano) based on engineering polymers are discussed in detail. The content of the book is unique as there are no books which deal with the recent advances synthesis, morphology, structure, properties and applications of engineering polymers and their blends and composites including nanocomposites. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field.

Book Description :

PEM Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Advanced Technologies, and Practical Application provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of PEM fuel cell, their working condition and application, and the latest breakthroughs and challenges for fuel cell technology. Each chapter follows a systematic and consistent structure with clear illustrations and diagrams for easy understanding. The opening chapters address the basics of PEM technology; stacking and membrane electrode assembly for PEM, degradation mechanisms of electrocatalysts, platinum dissolution and redeposition, carbon-support corrosion, bipolar plates and carbon nanotubes for the PEM, and gas diffusion layers. Thermodynamics, operating conditions, and electrochemistry address fuel cell efficiency and the fundamental workings of the PEM. Instruments and techniques for testing and diagnosis are then presented alongside practical tests. Dedicated chapters explain how to use MATLAB and COMSOL to conduct simulation and modeling of catalysts, gas diffusion layers, assembly, and membrane. Degradation and failure modes are discussed in detail, providing strategies and protocols for mitigation. High-temperature PEMs are also examined, as are the fundamentals of EIS. Critically, the environmental impact and life cycle of the production and storage of hydrogen are addressed, as are the risk and durability issues of PEMFC technology. Dedicated chapters are presented on the economics and commercialization of PEMFCs, including discussion of installation costs, initial capital costs, and the regulatory frameworks; apart from this, there is a separate chapter on their application to the automotive industry. Finally, future challenges and applications are considered. PEM Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Advanced Technologies, and Practical Application provides an in-depth and comprehensive reference on every aspect of PEM fuel cells fundamentals, ideal for researchers, graduates, and students. Presents the fundamentals of PEM fuel cell technology, electrolytes, membranes, modeling, conductivity, recent trends, and future applications Addresses commercialization, public policy, and the environmental impacts of PEMFC in dedicated chapters Presents state-of-the-art PEMFC research alongside the underlying concepts

Book Description :

The Handbook of Composites From Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The handbook covers a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Together, the 8 volumes total at least 5000 pages and offers a unique publication. This 7th volume Handbook is solely focused on Nanocomposites: Science and Fundamentals. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: preparation, characterization and applications of nano materials from renewable resources; hydrogels and its nanocomposites from renewable resources: preparation of chitin-based nanocomposite materials through gelation with ionic liquid; starch based bionanocomposites; biorenewable nanofiber and nanocrystal; investigation of wear characteristics of dental composite reinforced with rice husk derived nanosilica filler particles; performance of regenerated cellulose/vermiculite nanocomposites fabricated via ionic liquid; preparation, structure, properties and interactions of the PVA/cellulose composites; green composites with cellulose nano-reinforcements; biomass composites from bamboo-based micro/nano fibers; synthesis and medicinal properties of polycarbonates and resins from renewable sources; nanostructured polymer composites with modified carbon nanotubes; organic-inorganic nanocomposites derived from polysaccharides; natural polymer based nanocomposites; cellulose whisker based green polymer composites; poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites reinforced with different additives; nanocrystalline cellulose; halloysite based bionanocomposites; nanostructurated composites based on biodegradable polymers and silver nanoparticles; starch-based biomaterials and nanocomposites; green nanocomposites based on PLA and natural organic fillers; chitin and chitosan based nanocomposites.

Book Description :

Alcohol fuel cells are very attractive as power sources for mobile and portable applications. As they convert the chemical energy of fuels into electricity, much recent research is directed at developing suitable and efficient catalysts for the process. The present book focuses on pertinent types of nanomaterial-based catalysts, membranes and supports.

Book Description :

Telechelic polymers have garnered a great deal of scientific interest due to their reactive chain-end functions. This comprehensive book compiles and details the basic principles of and cutting-edge research in telechelic polyesters, polycarbonates, and polyethers, ranging from synthesis to applications. It discusses general strategies toward telechelic polymers, centered on the fundamental aspects of polycondensation reactions, of cationic, anionic, coordination-insertion, and activated monomer mechanisms of the metal-, enzyme-, or otherwise organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers, and of postpolymerization chemical modification methods of polymer precursors. All main classes of polymers are covered separately, comprising polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(ε-caprolactone)s, poly(lactic acid)s, polylactides, polycarobnates, and polyethers, including synthetic approaches as well as some illustrative, up-to-date examples and uses. The book also addresses applications of hydroxyl, thiol, amino, or acrylate/methacrylate end-capped polymers as starting materials for the preparation of diverse polymer architectures ranging from block, graft, and star-shaped polymers and micelles to precursors for ATRP macroinitiators, polyurethane copolymers, shape-memory polymers, or nanosized drug delivery systems. The book will appeal to advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of polymer science; researchers in macromolecular science, especially those with an interest in functional and reactive polymers; and polymer chemists in academia and industry.

Book Description :

This final volume in the Handbook of Engineering and Speciality Thermoplastics covers Nylons and details the developments of the last decade with respect to their polymerization, properties, synthesis, and applications. Volume 4 on Nylons is a unique compilation and covers many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of engineering polymers, such as nitrogen containing main chain polymers (Nylons). The book emphasizes the various aspects of preparation, structure, processing, morphology, properties and applications of engineering polymers. Recent advances in the development and characterization of multi component polymer blends and composites (maco, micro and nano) based on engineering polymers are also be discussed in detail. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field. This state-of-the-art volume: Has chapters on Polyamide Imides, Polyphthalamides, Polyetherimides, Aromatic Polyamides, Polyanilines, Polyimides Comprehensive in an encyclopaedic fashion and includes material published in journals, books, conference proceedings, as well as the patent literature It serves as a "one stop" reference resource for recent important research accomplishments in this area The authors represent some of the best industry and academic researchers around the globe. Researchers, scientists, engineers and students in the field of polymer science, polymer technology, and materials science will benefit from reading this book. As it is highly applications oriented, the book will help the user to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems.

Book Description :

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Transport of Fluids in Nanoporous Materials" that was published in Processes

Book Description :

Handbook of Polymers, Third Edition represents an update on available data, including new values for many commercially available products, verification of existing data, and removal of older data where it is no longer useful. Polymers selected for this edition include all primary polymeric materials used by the plastics and chemical industries and specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical and aerospace fields, with extensive information also provided on biopolymers. The book includes data on all polymeric materials used by the plastics industry and branches of the chemical industry, as well as specialty polymers in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical and space fields. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy, including synthesis, physical, mechanical, and rheological properties, chemical resistance, toxicity, environmental impact, and more. Provides key data on all primary polymeric materials used in a wide range of industries and applications Presents easy-to-access data divided into sections, making comparisons and search simple and intuitive Includes data on general properties, history, synthesis, structure, physical properties, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, flammability, weather stability, toxicity, and more