Digital Forensics

Book Description :

Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation builds on the success of the Handbook of Computer Crime Investigation, bringing together renowned experts in all areas of digital forensics and investigation to provide the consummate resource for practitioners in the field. It is also designed as an accompanying text to Digital Evidence and Computer Crime. This unique collection details how to conduct digital investigations in both criminal and civil contexts, and how to locate and utilize digital evidence on computers, networks, and embedded systems. Specifically, the Investigative Methodology section of the Handbook provides expert guidance in the three main areas of practice: Forensic Analysis, Electronic Discovery, and Intrusion Investigation. The Technology section is extended and updated to reflect the state of the art in each area of specialization. The main areas of focus in the Technology section are forensic analysis of Windows, Unix, Macintosh, and embedded systems (including cellular telephones and other mobile devices), and investigations involving networks (including enterprise environments and mobile telecommunications technology). This handbook is an essential technical reference and on-the-job guide that IT professionals, forensic practitioners, law enforcement, and attorneys will rely on when confronted with computer related crime and digital evidence of any kind. *Provides methodologies proven in practice for conducting digital investigations of all kinds *Demonstrates how to locate and interpret a wide variety of digital evidence, and how it can be useful in investigations *Presents tools in the context of the investigative process, including EnCase, FTK, ProDiscover, foremost, XACT, Network Miner, Splunk, flow-tools, and many other specialized utilities and analysis platforms *Case examples in every chapter give readers a practical understanding of the technical, logistical, and legal challenges that arise in real investigations

Book Description :

Electronic discovery refers to a process in which electronic data is sought, located, secured, and searched with the intent of using it as evidence in a legal case. Computer forensics is the application of computer investigation and analysis techniques to perform an investigation to find out exactly what happened on a computer and who was responsible. IDC estimates that the U.S. market for computer forensics will be grow from $252 million in 2004 to $630 million by 2009. Business is strong outside the United States, as well. By 2011, the estimated international market will be $1.8 billion dollars. The Techno Forensics Conference has increased in size by almost 50% in its second year; another example of the rapid growth in the market. This book is the first to combine cybercrime and digital forensic topics to provides law enforcement and IT security professionals with the information needed to manage a digital investigation. Everything needed for analyzing forensic data and recovering digital evidence can be found in one place, including instructions for building a digital forensics lab. * Digital investigation and forensics is a growing industry * Corporate I.T. departments investigating corporate espionage and criminal activities are learning as they go and need a comprehensive guide to e-discovery * Appeals to law enforcement agencies with limited budgets

Book Description :

Get up and running with collecting evidence using forensics best practices to present your findings in judicial or administrative proceedings Key Features Learn the core techniques of computer forensics to acquire and secure digital evidence skillfully Conduct a digital forensic examination and document the digital evidence collected Analyze security systems and overcome complex challenges with a variety of forensic investigations Book Description A computer forensics investigator must possess a variety of skills, including the ability to answer legal questions, gather and document evidence, and prepare for an investigation. This book will help you get up and running with using digital forensic tools and techniques to investigate cybercrimes successfully. Starting with an overview of forensics and all the open source and commercial tools needed to get the job done, you'll learn core forensic practices for searching databases and analyzing data over networks, personal devices, and web applications. You'll then learn how to acquire valuable information from different places, such as filesystems, e-mails, browser histories, and search queries, and capture data remotely. As you advance, this book will guide you through implementing forensic techniques on multiple platforms, such as Windows, Linux, and macOS, to demonstrate how to recover valuable information as evidence. Finally, you'll get to grips with presenting your findings efficiently in judicial or administrative proceedings. By the end of this book, you'll have developed a clear understanding of how to acquire, analyze, and present digital evidence like a proficient computer forensics investigator. What you will learn Understand investigative processes, the rules of evidence, and ethical guidelines Recognize and document different types of computer hardware Understand the boot process covering BIOS, UEFI, and the boot sequence Validate forensic hardware and software Discover the locations of common Windows artifacts Document your findings using technically correct terminology Who this book is for If you're an IT beginner, student, or an investigator in the public or private sector this book is for you.This book will also help professionals and investigators who are new to incident response and digital forensics and interested in making a career in the cybersecurity domain.

Book Description :

The Basics of Digital Forensics provides a foundation for people new to the digital forensics field. This book teaches you how to conduct examinations by discussing what digital forensics is, the methodologies used, key tactical concepts, and the tools needed to perform examinations. Details on digital forensics for computers, networks, cell phones, GPS, the cloud and the Internet are discussed. Also, learn how to collect evidence, document the scene, and how deleted data can be recovered. The new Second Edition of this book provides you with completely up-to-date real-world examples and all the key technologies used in digital forensics, as well as new coverage of network intrusion response, how hard drives are organized, and electronic discovery. You'll also learn how to incorporate quality assurance into an investigation, how to prioritize evidence items to examine (triage), case processing, and what goes into making an expert witness. The Second Edition also features expanded resources and references, including online resources that keep you current, sample legal documents, and suggested further reading. Learn what Digital Forensics entails Build a toolkit and prepare an investigative plan Understand the common artifacts to look for in an exam Second Edition features all-new coverage of hard drives, triage, network intrusion response, and electronic discovery; as well as updated case studies, expert interviews, and expanded resources and references

Book Description :

A resource to help forensic investigators locate, analyze, and understand digital evidence found on modern Linux systems after a crime, security incident or cyber attack. Practical Linux Forensics dives into the technical details of analyzing postmortem forensic images of Linux systems which have been misused, abused, or the target of malicious attacks. It helps forensic investigators locate and analyze digital evidence found on Linux desktops, servers, and IoT devices. Throughout the book, you learn how to identify digital artifacts which may be of interest to an investigation, draw logical conclusions, and reconstruct past activity from incidents. You’ll learn how Linux works from a digital forensics and investigation perspective, and how to interpret evidence from Linux environments. The techniques shown are intended to be independent of the forensic analysis platforms and tools used. Learn how to: • Extract evidence from storage devices and analyze partition tables, volume managers, popular Linux filesystems (Ext4, Btrfs, and Xfs), and encryption • Investigate evidence from Linux logs, including traditional syslog, the systemd journal, kernel and audit logs, and logs from daemons and applications • Reconstruct the Linux startup process, from boot loaders (UEFI and Grub) and kernel initialization, to systemd unit files and targets leading up to a graphical login • Perform analysis of power, temperature, and the physical environment of a Linux machine, and find evidence of sleep, hibernation, shutdowns, reboots, and crashes • Examine installed software, including distro installers, package formats, and package management systems from Debian, Fedora, SUSE, Arch, and other distros • Perform analysis of time and Locale settings, internationalization including language and keyboard settings, and geolocation on a Linux system • Reconstruct user login sessions (shell, X11 and Wayland), desktops (Gnome, KDE, and others) and analyze keyrings, wallets, trash cans, clipboards, thumbnails, recent files and other desktop artifacts • Analyze network configuration, including interfaces, addresses, network managers, DNS, wireless artifacts (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WWAN), VPNs (including WireGuard), firewalls, and proxy settings • Identify traces of attached peripheral devices (PCI, USB, Thunderbolt, Bluetooth) including external storage, cameras, and mobiles, and reconstruct printing and scanning activity

Book Description :

Practically every crime now involves some aspect of digital evidence. This is the most recent volume in the Advances in Digital Forensics series. It describes original research results and innovative applications in the emerging discipline of digital forensics. In addition, it highlights some of the major technical and legal issues related to digital evidence and electronic crime investigations. This book contains a selection of twenty-eight edited papers from the Fourth Annual IFIP WG 11.9 Conference on Digital Forensics, held at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan in the spring of 2008.

Book Description :

The definitive text for students of digital forensics, as well as professionals looking to deepen their understanding of an increasingly critical field Written by faculty members and associates of the world-renowned Norwegian Information Security Laboratory (NisLab) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), this textbook takes a scientific approach to digital forensics ideally suited for university courses in digital forensics and information security. Each chapter was written by an accomplished expert in his or her field, many of them with extensive experience in law enforcement and industry. The author team comprises experts in digital forensics, cybercrime law, information security and related areas. Digital forensics is a key competency in meeting the growing risks of cybercrime, as well as for criminal investigation generally. Considering the astonishing pace at which new information technology – and new ways of exploiting information technology – is brought on line, researchers and practitioners regularly face new technical challenges, forcing them to continuously upgrade their investigatory skills. Designed to prepare the next generation to rise to those challenges, the material contained in Digital Forensics has been tested and refined by use in both graduate and undergraduate programs and subjected to formal evaluations for more than ten years. Encompasses all aspects of the field, including methodological, scientific, technical and legal matters Based on the latest research, it provides novel insights for students, including an informed look at the future of digital forensics Includes test questions from actual exam sets, multiple choice questions suitable for online use and numerous visuals, illustrations and case example images Features real-word examples and scenarios, including court cases and technical problems, as well as a rich library of academic references and references to online media Digital Forensics is an excellent introductory text for programs in computer science and computer engineering and for master degree programs in military and police education. It is also a valuable reference for legal practitioners, police officers, investigators, and forensic practitioners seeking to gain a deeper understanding of digital forensics and cybercrime.

Book Description :

Section 1: What is Digital Forensics? Chapter 1. Digital Evidence is Everywhere Chapter 2. Overview of Digital Forensics Chapter 3. Digital Forensics -- The Sub-Disciplines Chapter 4. The Foundations of Digital Forensics -- Best Practices Chapter 5. Overview of Digital Forensics Tools Chapter 6. Digital Forensics at Work in the Legal System Section 2: Experts Chapter 7. Why Do I Need an Expert? Chapter 8. The Difference between Computer Experts and Digital Forensic Experts Chapter 9. Selecting a Digital Forensics Expert Chapter 10. What to Expect from an Expert Chapter 11. Approaches by Different Types of Examiners Chapter 12. Spotting a Problem Expert Chapter 13. Qualifying an Expert in Court Sections 3: Motions and Discovery Chapter 14. Overview of Digital Evidence Discovery Chapter 15. Discovery of Digital Evidence in Criminal Cases Chapter 16. Discovery of Digital Evidence in Civil Cases Chapter 17. Discovery of Computers and Storage Media Chapter 18. Discovery of Video Evidence Ch ...

Book Description :

Practically every crime now involves some aspect of digital evidence. This is the most recent volume in the Advances in Digital Forensics series. It describes original research results and innovative applications in the emerging discipline of digital forensics. In addition, it highlights some of the major technical and legal issues related to digital evidence and electronic crime investigations.

Book Description :

Digital Forensics: Threatscape and Best Practices surveys the problems and challenges confronting digital forensic professionals today, including massive data sets and everchanging technology. This book provides a coherent overview of the threatscape in a broad range of topics, providing practitioners and students alike with a comprehensive, coherent overview of the threat landscape and what can be done to manage and prepare for it. Digital Forensics: Threatscape and Best Practices delivers you with incisive analysis and best practices from a panel of expert authors, led by John Sammons, bestselling author of The Basics of Digital Forensics. Learn the basics of cryptocurrencies (like Bitcoin) and the artifacts they generate Learn why examination planning matters and how to do it effectively Discover how to incorporate behaviorial analysis into your digital forensics examinations Stay updated with the key artifacts created by the latest Mac OS, OS X 10.11, El Capitan Discusses the threatscapes and challenges facing mobile device forensics, law enforcement, and legal cases The power of applying the electronic discovery workflows to digital forensics Discover the value of and impact of social media forensics

Book Description :

A Guide to Enter the Journey of a Digital Forensic Investigator KEY FEATURES ● Provides hands-on training in a forensics lab, allowing learners to conduct their investigations and analysis. ● Covers a wide range of forensics topics such as web, email, RAM, and mobile devices. ● Establishes a solid groundwork in digital forensics basics including evidence-gathering tools and methods. DESCRIPTION Forensics offers every IT and computer professional a wide opportunity of exciting and lucrative career. This book is a treasure trove of practical knowledge for anyone interested in forensics, including where to seek evidence and how to extract it from buried digital spaces. The book begins with the exploration of Digital Forensics with a brief overview of the field's most basic definitions, terms, and concepts about scientific investigations. The book lays down the groundwork for how digital forensics works and explains its primary objectives, including collecting, acquiring, and analyzing digital evidence. This book focuses on starting from the essentials of forensics and then practicing the primary tasks and activities that forensic analysts and investigators execute for every security incident. This book will provide you with the technical abilities necessary for Digital Forensics, from the ground up, in the form of stories, hints, notes, and links to further reading. Towards the end, you'll also have the opportunity to build up your lab, complete with detailed instructions and a wide range of forensics tools, in which you may put your newly acquired knowledge to the test. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Get familiar with the processes and procedures involved in establishing your own in-house digital forensics lab. ● Become confident in acquiring and analyzing data from RAM, HDD, and SSD. ● In-detail windows forensics and analyzing deleted files, USB, and IoT firmware. ● Get acquainted with email investigation, browser forensics, and different tools to collect the evidence. ● Develop proficiency with anti-forensic methods, including metadata manipulation, password cracking, and steganography. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR Anyone working as a forensic analyst, forensic investigator, forensic specialist, network administrator, security engineer, cybersecurity analyst, or application engineer will benefit from reading this book. You only need a foundational knowledge of networking and hardware to get started with this book. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction to Digital Forensics 2. Essential Technical Concepts 3. Hard Disks and File Systems 4. Requirements for a Computer Forensics Lab 5. Acquiring Digital Evidence 6. Analysis of Digital Evidence 7. Windows Forensic Analysis 8. Web Browser and E-mail Forensics 9. E-mail Forensics 10. Anti-Forensics Techniques and Report Writing 11. Hands-on Lab Practical

Book Description :

Use this hands-on, introductory guide to understand and implement digital forensics to investigate computer crime using Windows, the most widely used operating system. This book provides you with the necessary skills to identify an intruder's footprints and to gather the necessary digital evidence in a forensically sound manner to prosecute in a court of law. Directed toward users with no experience in the digital forensics field, this book provides guidelines and best practices when conducting investigations as well as teaching you how to use a variety of tools to investigate computer crime. You will be prepared to handle problems such as law violations, industrial espionage, and use of company resources for private use. Digital Forensics Basics is written as a series of tutorials with each task demonstrating how to use a specific computer forensics tool or technique. Practical information is provided and users can read a task and then implement it directly on their devices. Some theoretical information is presented to define terms used in each technique and for users with varying IT skills. What You’ll Learn Assemble computer forensics lab requirements, including workstations, tools, and more Document the digital crime scene, including preparing a sample chain of custody form Differentiate between law enforcement agency and corporate investigationsGather intelligence using OSINT sources Acquire and analyze digital evidence Conduct in-depth forensic analysis of Windows operating systems covering Windows 10–specific feature forensicsUtilize anti-forensic techniques, including steganography, data destruction techniques, encryption, and anonymity techniques Who This Book Is For Police and other law enforcement personnel, judges (with no technical background), corporate and nonprofit management, IT specialists and computer security professionals, incident response team members, IT military and intelligence services officers, system administrators, e-business security professionals, and banking and insurance professionals

Book Description :

Advances in Digital Forensics VI describes original research results and innovative applications in the discipline of digital forensics. In addition, it highlights some of the major technical and legal issues related to digital evidence and electronic crime investigations. The areas of coverage include: Themes and Issues, Forensic Techniques, Internet Crime Investigations, Live Forensics, Advanced Forensic Techniques, and Forensic Tools. This book is the sixth volume in the annual series produced by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 11.9 on Digital Forensics, an international community of scientists, engineers and practitioners dedicated to advancing the state of the art of research and practice in digital forensics. The book contains a selection of twenty-one edited papers from the Sixth Annual IFIP WG 11.9 International Conference on Digital Forensics, held at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, in January 2010.

Book Description :

Get started with the art and science of digital forensics with this practical, hands-on guide! About This Book Champion the skills of digital forensics by understanding the nature of recovering and preserving digital information which is essential for legal or disciplinary proceedings Explore new and promising forensic processes and tools based on 'disruptive technology' to regain control of caseloads. Richard Boddington, with 10+ years of digital forensics, demonstrates real life scenarios with a pragmatic approach Who This Book Is For This book is for anyone who wants to get into the field of digital forensics. Prior knowledge of programming languages (any) will be of great help, but not a compulsory prerequisite. What You Will Learn Gain familiarity with a range of different digital devices and operating and application systems that store digital evidence. Appreciate and understand the function and capability of forensic processes and tools to locate and recover digital evidence. Develop an understanding of the critical importance of recovering digital evidence in pristine condition and ensuring its safe handling from seizure to tendering it in evidence in court. Recognise the attributes of digital evidence and where it may be hidden and is often located on a range of digital devices. Understand the importance and challenge of digital evidence analysis and how it can assist investigations and court cases. Explore emerging technologies and processes that empower forensic practitioners and other stakeholders to harness digital evidence more effectively. In Detail Digital Forensics is a methodology which includes using various tools, techniques, and programming language. This book will get you started with digital forensics and then follow on to preparing investigation plan and preparing toolkit for investigation. In this book you will explore new and promising forensic processes and tools based on 'disruptive technology' that offer experienced and budding practitioners the means to regain control of their caseloads. During the course of the book, you will get to know about the technical side of digital forensics and various tools that are needed to perform digital forensics. This book will begin with giving a quick insight into the nature of digital evidence, where it is located and how it can be recovered and forensically examined to assist investigators. This book will take you through a series of chapters that look at the nature and circumstances of digital forensic examinations and explains the processes of evidence recovery and preservation from a range of digital devices, including mobile phones, and other media. This book has a range of case studies and simulations will allow you to apply the knowledge of the theory gained to real-life situations. By the end of this book you will have gained a sound insight into digital forensics and its key components. Style and approach The book takes the reader through a series of chapters that look at the nature and circumstances of digital forensic examinations and explains the processes of evidence recovery and preservation from a range of digital devices, including mobile phones, and other media. The mystery of digital forensics is swept aside and the reader will gain a quick insight into the nature of digital evidence, where it is located and how it can be recovered and forensically examined to assist investigators.

Book Description :

Digital forensics has been a discipline of Information Security for decades now. Its principles, methodologies, and techniques have remained consistent despite the evolution of technology, and, ultimately, it and can be applied to any form of digital data. However, within a corporate environment, digital forensic professionals are particularly challenged. They must maintain the legal admissibility and forensic viability of digital evidence in support of a broad range of different business functions that include incident response, electronic discovery (ediscovery), and ensuring the controls and accountability of such information across networks. Digital Forensics and Investigations: People, Process, and Technologies to Defend the Enterprise provides the methodologies and strategies necessary for these key business functions to seamlessly integrate digital forensic capabilities to guarantee the admissibility and integrity of digital evidence. In many books, the focus on digital evidence is primarily in the technical, software, and investigative elements, of which there are numerous publications. What tends to get overlooked are the people and process elements within the organization. Taking a step back, the book outlines the importance of integrating and accounting for the people, process, and technology components of digital forensics. In essence, to establish a holistic paradigm—and best-practice procedure and policy approach—to defending the enterprise. This book serves as a roadmap for professionals to successfully integrate an organization’s people, process, and technology with other key business functions in an enterprise’s digital forensic capabilities.

Book Description :

Digital forensics deals with the acquisition, preservation, examination, analysis and presentation of electronic evidence. Networked computing, wireless communications and portable electronic devices have expanded the role of digital forensics beyond traditional computer crime investigations. Practically every crime now involves some aspect of digital evidence; digital forensics provides the techniques and tools to articulate this evidence. Digital forensics also has myriad intelligence applications. Furthermore, it has a vital role in information assurance - investigations of security breaches yield valuable information that can be used to design more secure systems. Advances in Digital Forensics V describes original research results and innovative applications in the discipline of digital forensics. In addition, it highlights some of the major technical and legal issues related to digital evidence and electronic crime investigations. The areas of coverage include: themes and issues, forensic techniques, integrity and privacy, network forensics, forensic computing, investigative techniques, legal issues and evidence management. This book is the fifth volume in the annual series produced by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 11.9 on Digital Forensics, an international community of scientists, engineers and practitioners dedicated to advancing the state of the art of research and practice in digital forensics. The book contains a selection of twenty-three edited papers from the Fifth Annual IFIP WG 11.9 International Conference on Digital Forensics, held at the National Center for Forensic Science, Orlando, Florida, USA in the spring of 2009. Advances in Digital Forensics V is an important resource for researchers, faculty members and graduate students, as well as for practitioners and individuals engaged in research and development efforts for the law enforcement and intelligence communities.

Book Description :

CYBER SECURITY AND DIGITAL FORENSICS Cyber security is an incredibly important issue that is constantly changing, with new methods, processes, and technologies coming online all the time. Books like this are invaluable to professionals working in this area, to stay abreast of all of these changes. Current cyber threats are getting more complicated and advanced with the rapid evolution of adversarial techniques. Networked computing and portable electronic devices have broadened the role of digital forensics beyond traditional investigations into computer crime. The overall increase in the use of computers as a way of storing and retrieving high-security information requires appropriate security measures to protect the entire computing and communication scenario worldwide. Further, with the introduction of the internet and its underlying technology, facets of information security are becoming a primary concern to protect networks and cyber infrastructures from various threats. This groundbreaking new volume, written and edited by a wide range of professionals in this area, covers broad technical and socio-economic perspectives for the utilization of information and communication technologies and the development of practical solutions in cyber security and digital forensics. Not just for the professional working in the field, but also for the student or academic on the university level, this is a must-have for any library. Audience: Practitioners, consultants, engineers, academics, and other professionals working in the areas of cyber analysis, cyber security, homeland security, national defense, the protection of national critical infrastructures, cyber-crime, cyber vulnerabilities, cyber-attacks related to network systems, cyber threat reduction planning, and those who provide leadership in cyber security management both in public and private sectors

Book Description :

This is the first digital forensics book that covers the complete lifecycle of digital evidence and the chain of custody. This comprehensive handbook includes international procedures, best practices, compliance, and a companion web site with downloadable forms. Written by world-renowned digital forensics experts, this book is a must for any digital forensics lab. It provides anyone who handles digital evidence with a guide to proper procedure throughout the chain of custody--from incident response through analysis in the lab. A step-by-step guide to designing, building and using a digital forensics lab A comprehensive guide for all roles in a digital forensics laboratory Based on international standards and certifications

Book Description :

Take your forensic abilities and investigation skills to the next level using powerful tools that cater to all aspects of digital forensic investigations, right from hashing to reporting Key Features Perform evidence acquisition, preservation, and analysis using a variety of Kali Linux tools Use PcapXray to perform timeline analysis of malware and network activity Implement the concept of cryptographic hashing and imaging using Kali Linux Book Description Kali Linux is a Linux-based distribution that's widely used for penetration testing and digital forensics. It has a wide range of tools to help for digital forensics investigations and incident response mechanisms. This updated second edition of Digital Forensics with Kali Linux covers the latest version of Kali Linux and The Sleuth Kit. You'll get to grips with modern techniques for analysis, extraction, and reporting using advanced tools such as FTK Imager, hex editor, and Axiom. Updated to cover digital forensics basics and advancements in the world of modern forensics, this book will also delve into the domain of operating systems. Progressing through the chapters, you'll explore various formats for file storage, including secret hiding places unseen by the end user or even the operating system. The book will also show you how to create forensic images of data and maintain integrity using hashing tools. Finally, you'll cover advanced topics such as autopsies and acquiring investigation data from networks, operating system memory, and quantum cryptography. By the end of this book, you'll have gained hands-on experience of implementing all the pillars of digital forensics: acquisition, extraction, analysis, and presentation, all using Kali Linux tools. What you will learn Get up and running with powerful Kali Linux tools for digital investigation and analysis Perform internet and memory forensics with Volatility and Xplico Understand filesystems, storage, and data fundamentals Become well-versed with incident response procedures and best practices Perform ransomware analysis using labs involving actual ransomware Carry out network forensics and analysis using NetworkMiner and other tools Who this book is for This Kali Linux book is for forensics and digital investigators, security analysts, or anyone interested in learning digital forensics using Kali Linux. Basic knowledge of Kali Linux will be helpful to gain a better understanding of the concepts covered.

Book Description :

This work introduces the reader to the world of digital forensics in a practical and accessible manner. The text was written to fulfill a need for a book that introduces forensic methodology and sound forensic thinking, combined with hands-on examples for common tasks in a computer forensic examination. The author has several years of experience as a computer forensics examiner and is now working as a university-level lecturer. Guide to Digital Forensics: A Concise and Practical Introduction is intended for students that are looking for an introduction to computer forensics and can also be used as a collection of instructions for practitioners. The aim is to describe and explain the steps taken during a forensic examination, with the intent of making the reader aware of the constraints and considerations that apply during a fo rensic examination in law enforcement and in the private sector. Upon reading this book, the reader should have a proper overview of the field of digital forensics, starting them on the journey of becoming a computer forensics expert.