Crystal Growth Of Si Ingots For Solar Cells Using Cast Furnaces

Book Description :

Crystal Growth of Si Ingots for Solar Cells Using Cast Furnaces is the first book written to both comprehensively describe these concepts and technologies and compare the strengths and weaknesses of various techniques. Readers will learn about the basic growth and characterization of Si crystals, including sections on the history of cast methods for Si ingots for solar cells. Methods discussed include the dendrite cast method, as well as other significant technologies, including the high-performance (HP) cast and mono-like cast methods. These concepts, growth mechanisms, growth technologies, and the problems that still need to be solved are all included in this comprehensive volume. Covers the concept of crystal growth, providing an understanding of each growth method Discusses the quality of Si ingot, mainly from the viewpoint of crystal defects and their control Reviews fundamental characterization concepts to discern the quality of ingots and wafers Discusses concepts and technologies to establish a low-temperature region in a Si melt using the NOC method in order to obtain a uniform and large Si single ingot with low stress

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New advanced materials are being rapidly developed, thanks to the progress of science. These are making our daily life more convenient. The Institute for Materials Research (IMR) at Tohoku University has greatly contributed for to the creation and development of various advanced materials and the progress in the ?eld of material science for almost a century. For example, our early research achievements on the physical metallurgy of iron carbon alloys led to the innovation of technology for making high-quality steels, which has greatly contributed to the advancement of the steel and related industry in Japan and rest of the world. IMR has focused on basic research that can be translated into applications in the future, for the bene?t of mankind. With this tradition, we have established the ?rst high-magnetic ?eld as well as low-temperature technologies in Japan, which were essential to the - vancement of magnetism and superconductivity. Recently, IMR has expanded its research in the ?eld of advanced materials including metallic glasses, - ramics, nano-structural metals, semiconductors, solar cell crystals, new op- andspin-electronicsmaterials,organicmaterials,hydrogenstoragealloys,and shaped crystals. Inthefaceofthecrisisofthedestructionoftheglobalenvironment,the- pletion of world-wide natural resources, and the exhaustion of energy sources in the twenty-?rst century, we all have an acute/serious desire for a b- ter/safer world in the future. IMR has been and will continue the pursuit of research aimed at solving global problems and furthering eco-friendly dev- opment.

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This book, a continuation of the series “Advances in Materials Research,” is intended to provide the general basis of the science and technology of crystal growth of silicon for solar cells. In the face of the destruction of the global environment,the degradationofworld-widenaturalresourcesandtheexha- tion of energy sources in the twenty-?rst century, we all have a sincere desire for a better/safer world in the future. In these days, we strongly believe that it is important for us to rapidly developanewenvironment-friendlycleanenergyconversionsystemusingsolar energyastheultimatenaturalenergysource. Forinstance,mostofournatural resources and energy sources will be exhausted within the next 100 years. Speci?cally, the consumption of oil, natural gas, and uranium is a serious problem. Solar energy is the only ultimate natural energy source. Although 30% of total solar energy is re?ected at the earth’s surface, 70% of total solar energy can be available for us to utilize. The available solar energy amounts to severalthousand times larger than the world’s energy consumption in 2000 of about 9,000 Mtoe (M ton oil equivalent). To manage 10% of the world’s energy consumption at 2050 by solar energy, we must manufacture 40 GW solar cells per year continuously for 40 years. The required silicon feedstock is about 400,000 ton per year. We believe that this is an attainable target, since it can be realized by increasing the world production of silicon feedstock by 12times asmuchasthe presentproductionat2005.

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A unique guide to the most important technical aspects of photovoltaic power generation with comprehensive analysis and author industry-experience Unique from other books in the area in that it explains profound theories in simple language, introduces widely used production equipment and processes for industry professionals, and explains the complete PV industry chain from material to power generation Has originated from the author’s practical industry experience, enabling the use of up-to-date information during this time of new development in the Chinese PV industry Content includes approximately 255 illustrations and 46 tables to help clarify complex theories.

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Download Electricity from Photovoltaic Solar Cells Silicon sheet wafers and ribbons book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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EPD Congress is an annual collection that addresses extraction and processing metallurgy. The papers in this book are drawn from symposia held at the 2015 Annual Meeting of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. The 2015 edition includes papers from the following symposia: •Materials Processing Fundamentals •Solar Cell Silicon •High-Temperature Electrochemistry II

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Download Energy Research Abstracts book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Single Crystals of Electronic Materials: Growth and Properties is a complete overview of the state-of-the-art growth of bulk semiconductors. It is not only a valuable update on the body of information on crystal growth of well-established electronic materials, such as silicon, III-V, II-VI and IV-VI semiconductors, but also includes chapters on novel semiconductors, such as wide bandgap oxides like ZnO, Ga2, O3, In2, O3, Al2, O3, nitrides (AIN and GaN), and diamond. Each chapter focuses on a specific material, providing a comprehensive overview that includes applications and requirements, thermodynamic properties, schematics of growth methods, and more. Presents the latest research and most comprehensive overview of both standard and novel semiconductors Provides a systematic examination of important electronic materials, including their applications, growth methods, properties, technologies and defect and doping issues Takes a close look at emerging materials, including wide bandgap oxides, nitrides and diamond

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Download Solar Energy Update book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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The importance of Renewable Energy and its technology dissemination has motivated the author to compile this book which is written in simple language so that students from diploma, B. Tech and M. Tech are well versed with different renewable energy technologies and their applications in daily life. The manual incorporated some latest and modern technologies in Renewable Energy like solar (thermal and photovoltaic), biomass gasification, bioenergy, wind energy and solid waste management. The book covers the general aspects of renewable energy and its advantages in Indian perspective. The book shall be useful for Renewable Energy Engineers and other allied backgrounds like mechanical, electrical, chemical, agricultural and electronics engineering students.

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The European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conferences are dedicated to accelerating the impetus towards sustainable development of global PV markets. The 16th in the series, held in Glasgow UK, brought together more than 1500 delegates from 72 countries, and provided an important and vital forum for information exchange in the field. The Conference Proceedings place on record a new phase of market development and scientific endeavour in the PV industry, representing current and innovative thinking in all aspects of the science, technology, markets and business of photovoltaics. In three volumes, the Proceedings present some 790 papers selected for presentation by the scientific review committee of the 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. The comprehensive range of topics covered comprise: * Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials * Thin Film Cells and Technologies * Space Cells and Systems * Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Technologies * PV Integration in Buildings * PV Modules and Components of PV Systems * Implementation, Strategies, National Programs and Financing Schemes * Market Deployment in Developing Countries These proceedings are an essential reference for all involved in the global PV industry- scientists, researchers, technologists and those with an interest in global market trends. The conference was organised by WIP-Renewable Energies, Munich, Germany.

Book Description :

Vol 2A: Basic Technologies Handbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition Volume IIA (Basic Technologies) presents basic growth technologies and modern crystal cutting methods. Particularly, the methodical fundamentals and development of technology in the field of bulk crystallization on both industrial and research scales are explored. After an introductory chapter on the formation of minerals, ruling historically the basic crystal formation parameters, advanced basic technologies from melt, solution, and vapour being applied for research and production of the today most important materials, like silicon, semiconductor compounds and oxides are presented in detail. The interdisciplinary and general importance of crystal growth for human live are illustrated. Vol 2B: Growth Mechanisms and Dynamics Handbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition Volume IIB (Growth Mechanisms and Dynamics) deals with characteristic mechanisms and dynamics accompanying each bulk crystal growth method discussed in Volume IIA. Before the atoms or molecules pass over from a position in the fluid medium (gas, melt or solution) to their place in the crystalline face they must be transported in the fluid over macroscopic distances by diffusion, buoyancy-driven convection, surface-tension-driven convection, and forced convection (rotation, acceleration, vibration, magnetic mixing). Further, the heat of fusion and the part carried by the species on their way to the crystal by conductive and convective transport must be dissipated in the solid phase by well-organized thermal conduction and radiation to maintain a stable propagating interface. Additionally, segregation and capillary phenomena play a decisional role for chemical composition and crystal shaping, respectively. Today, the increase of high-quality crystal yield, its size enlargement and reproducibility are imperative conditions to match the strong economy. Volume 2A Presents the status and future of Czochralski and float zone growth of dislocation-free silicon Examines directional solidification of silicon ingots for photovoltaics, vertical gradient freeze of GaAs, CdTe for HF electronics and IR imaging as well as antiferromagnetic compounds and super alloys for turbine blades Focuses on growth of dielectric and conducting oxide crystals for lasers and non-linear optics Topics on hydrothermal, flux and vapour phase growth of III-nitrides, silicon carbide and diamond are explored Volume 2B Explores capillarity control of the crystal shape at the growth from the melt Highlights modeling of heat and mass transport dynamics Discusses control of convective melt processes by magnetic fields and vibration measures Includes imperative information on the segregation phenomenon and validation of compositional homogeneity Examines crystal defect generation mechanisms and their controllability Illustrates proper automation modes for ensuring constant crystal growth process Exhibits fundamentals of solution growth, gel growth of protein crystals, growth of superconductor materials and mass crystallization for food and pharmaceutical industries

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Solar PV Power: Design, Manufacturing and Applications from Sand to Systems details developments in the solar cell manufacturing process, including information from system design straight through to the entire value chain of Solar PV Manufacturing. In addition, the book includes aspects of ground mounted grid connected solar PV systems and optimization for solar PV plants, economic analyses, and reliability and performance. The advances and processes of solar product technology and reliability, along with the performance of solar PV plants and operational and maintenance aspects with advance diagnostic techniques are also presented, making this an ideal resource. With rapid change in the manufacturing process, it is crucial for solar cells and solar PV modules to adapt to new developments in solar products, especially with regard to reliability, financial aspects and performance. Includes detailed solar panel module assembly and analysis Offers new concepts for solar PV system design that are presented alongside field related issues and examples Saves time and resources by collecting all pieces of information needed by engineers in the same text

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Download Investigation of the Impurity Tolerance of Semicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Silicon Impact Program book written by G. Storti, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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A collection of abstracts for the 20th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy (ACCGE-20) and 17th U.S. Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE-17) and The Second 2D Electronic Materials Symposium.

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Download Heat exchanger method ingot casting fixed abrasive method multi wire slicing book written by Crystal Systems, inc, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Download Flat Plate Solar Array Project of the U S Department of Energy s National Photovoltaics Program book written by Elmer Christensen, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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A Veeco resistance heated Czochralski crystal growing furnace was redesigned to allow for the in-situ casting of semicrystalline silicon ingots. The casting technique that is being employed in this program is based upon the Bridgeman technique of crystal growth. Samples of metallurgical grade silicon have been obtained from Ohio-Ferro Alloys corporation and preparation of this material has begun for incorporation into the experimental castings. Initial casting experiments have commenced using pure semiconductor grade silicon to establish a base line process for later experiments which will employ metallurgical grade silicon.

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Download Energy book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

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Download Energy a Continuing Bibliography with Indexes book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.