Classification In Theory And Practice

Book Description :

Following on from the first edition of this book, the second edition fills the gap between more complex theoretical texts and those books with a purely practical approach. The book looks at major library classification schemes in use in Europe, UK and the USA, and includes practical exercises to demonstrate their application. Importantly, classifying electronic resources is also discussed. Classification in Theory and Practice aims to demystify a very complex subject, and to provide a sound theoretical underpinning, together with practical advice and development of practical skills. Chapters concentrate purely on classification rather than cataloguing and indexing, ensuring a more in-depth coverage of the topic. covers the latest Dewey Decimal Classification, 23rd edition provides practical advice on which schemes will be most suitable for different types of library collection covers classification of digital resources explores recent developments in digital resources and tagging

Book Description :

The Dewey Decimal Classification system (DDC) is the world’s most popular library classification system. The 23rd edition of the DDC was published in 2011. This second edition of The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System examines the history, management and technical aspects of the DDC up to its latest edition. The book places emphasis on explaining the structure and number building techniques in the DDC and reviews all aspects of subject analysis and number building by the most recent version of the DDC. A history of, and introduction to, the DDC is followed by subject analysis and locating class numbers, chapters covering use of the tables and subdivisions therein, multiple synthesis, and using the relative index. In the appendix, a number of academically-interesting questions are identified and answered. Provides a comprehensive chronology of the DDC from its inception in 1876, to the present day Describes the governance, revision machinery and updating process Gives a table of all editors of the DDC

Book Description :

Because the properties of objects are largely determined by their geometric features, shape analysis and classification are essential to almost every applied scientific and technological area. A detailed understanding of the geometrical features of real-world entities (e.g., molecules, organs, materials and components) can provide important clues about their origin and function. When properly and carefully applied, shape analysis offers an exceedingly rich potential to yield useful applications in diverse areas ranging from material sciences to biology and neuroscience. Get Access to the Authors’ Own Cutting-Edge Open-Source Software Projects—and Then Actually Contribute to Them Yourself! The authors of Shape Analysis and Classification: Theory and Practice, Second Edition have improved the bestselling first edition by updating the tremendous progress in the field. This exceptionally accessible book presents the most advanced imaging techniques used for analyzing general biological shapes, such as those of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. It implements numerous corrections and improvements—many of which were suggested by readers of the first edition—to optimize understanding and create what can truly be called an interactive learning experience. New Material in This Second Edition Addresses Graph and complex networks Dimensionality reduction Structural pattern recognition Shape representation using graphs Graphically reformulated, this edition updates equations, figures, and references, as well as slides that will be useful in related courses and general discussion. Like the popular first edition, this text is applicable to many fields and certain to become a favored addition to any library. Visit http://www.vision.ime.usp.br/~cesar/shape/ for Useful Software, Databases, and Videos

Book Description :

A revealing and surprising look at how classification systems can shape both worldviews and social interactions. What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification—the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.

Book Description :

Advances in shape analysis impact a wide range of disciplines, from mathematics and engineering to medicine, archeology, and art. Anyone just entering the field, however, may find the few existing books on shape analysis too specific or advanced, and for students interested in the specific problem of shape recognition and characterization, traditio

Book Description :

This edited volume of 13 new essays aims to turn past discussions of natural kinds on their head. Instead of presenting a metaphysical view of kinds based largely on an unempirical vantage point, it pursues questions of kindedness which take the use of kinds and activities of kinding in practice as significant in the articulation of them as kinds. The book brings philosophical study of current and historical episodes and case studies from various scientific disciplines to bear on natural kinds as traditionally conceived of within metaphysics. Focusing on these practices reveals the different knowledge-producing activities of kinding and processes involved in natural kind use, generation, and discovery. Specialists in their field, the esteemed group of contributors use diverse empirically responsive approaches to explore the nature of kindhood. This groundbreaking volume presents detailed case studies that exemplify kinding in use. Newly written for this volume, each chapter engages with the activities of kinding across a variety of disciplines. Chapter topics include the nature of kinds, kindhood, kinding, and kind-making in linguistics, chemical classification, neuroscience, gene and protein classification, colour theory in applied mathematics, homology in comparative biology, sex and gender identity theory, memory research, race, extended cognition, symbolic algebra, cartography, and geographic information science. The volume seeks to open up an as-yet unexplored area within the emerging field of philosophy of science in practice, and constitutes a valuable addition to the disciplines of philosophy and history of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Book Description :

This book provides a coherent account of the Theory of Classification. It discusses the contribution made by theoreticians like E.C. Richardson, J.D. Brown, W. Hulum, W.C. Berwick Sayers, H.E. Bliss and S.R. Ranganathan. However, the theory put forward by S.R. Ranganathan predominates the whole book because his contribution is far more than anybody else’s. Five major schemes of Classification, Library of Congress Classification, Colon Classification and Bliss Biblio-Graphic Classification have also been discussed.

Book Description :

The cataloging and classification field is changing rapidly. New concepts and models, such as linked data, identity management, the IFLA Library Reference Model, and the latest revision of Resource Description and Access (RDA), have the potential to change how libraries provide access to their collections. To prepare library and information science (LIS) students to be successful cataloging practitioners in this changing landscape, they need a solid understanding of fundamental cataloging concepts, standards, and practices: their history, where they stand currently, and possibilities for the future. The chapters in Cataloging and Classification: Back to Basics are meant to complement textbooks and lectures so students can go deeper into specific topics. New and well-seasoned library practitioners will also benefit from reading these chapters as a way to refresh or fill gaps in their knowledge of cataloging and classification. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly.

Book Description :

Bringing together several key elements needed to identify the most promising themes for future research in selection and classification, this book's underlying aim is to improve job performance by selecting the right persons and matching them most effectively with the right jobs. An emphasis is placed on current, innovative research approaches which in some cases depart substantially from traditional approaches. The contributors -- consisting of professionals in measurement, personnel research, and applied and military psychology -- discuss where the quantum advances of the last decade should take us further. Comprehensive coverage of the selection and classification domain is provided, including a broad range of topics in each of the following areas: performance conceptualization and measurement, individual differences, and selection and classification decision models. The presentations in each of these areas are integrated into a set of coherent themes. This integration was the product of structured group discussions which also resulted in a further evolution of some of the ideas presented.

Book Description :

Download The Theory And Practice Of The Dewey Decimal Classification System book written by Shivendra Singh, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

Download Library Classification book written by Kailash D. Tandel,Meena S. Suryavanshi, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

Cataloguing and Classification introduces concepts and practices in cataloguing and classification, and common library standards. The book introduces and analyzes the principles and structures of library catalogues, including the application of AACR2, RDA, DDC, LCC, LCSH and MARC 21 standards, and conceptual models such as ISBD, FRBR and FRAD. The text also introduces DC, MODS, METS, EAD and VRA Core metadata schemes for annotating digital resources. Explains the theory and practice of bibliographic control Offers a practical approach to the core topics of cataloguing and classification Includes step-by-step examples to illustrate application of the central cataloguing and classification standards Describes the new descriptive cataloguing standard RDA, and its conceptual ground, FRBR and FRAD Guides the reader towards cataloguing and classifying materials in a digital environment

Book Description :

Classification Made Relevant explains how classifications and ontologies are designed, and how they are used to analyze scientific information. It is through our description of the relationships among classes of objects that we are able to simplify knowledge and explore the ways in which individual classified objects behave. The book begins by describing the fundamentals of classification and leads up to a description of how computer scientists use object-oriented programming languages to model classifications and ontologies. Numerous examples are chosen from the Classification of Life, the Periodic Table of the Elements, and the symmetry relationships contained within the Classification Theorem of Finite Simple Groups. When these three classifications are tied together, they provide a relational hierarchy connecting all of the natural sciences. This book is intended to reach a multidisciplinary audience of students and professionals working in the data sciences, the library sciences, and all of the STEM sciences. The chapters introduce and describe general concepts that can be understood by any intelligent reader. With each new concept, there follow practical examples selected from various scientific disciplines. In these cases, technical points and specialized vocabulary are linked to glossary items, where the item is clarified and expanded. Technical terms in the data sciences often have different meanings, depending on the reader's specific discipline. The word “ontology has so many meanings, it has become meaningless. Skeptics can google on the word “ontology to quickly confirm the inchoate status of this subject. In such cases, the glossary describes the different way the term has been used and will clarify its meaning within the book's context. For the benefit of computer scientists, the glossary contains short scripts written in Perl or Python or Ruby. Non-programmers will be spared from reading computer code, without missing out on the concepts covered in each chapter. By using the glossary links, every reader experiences a version of this book tailored to their personal needs and preferences. Explains the theory and the practice of classification. Emphasizes the importance of classifications and ontologies to the modern fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Includes numerous real-world examples demonstrating how bad construction technique can destroy the value of classifications and ontologies Explains how we define and understand the relationships among the classes within a classification, and how the properties of a class are inherited by its subclasses. Describes ontologies, and how they differ from classifications. Explains those conditions under which ontologies are useful. Explains how statements of meaning are properly expressed as triples. Shows how triples can be specified by popular semantic languages. Explains how triplestores (large collections of triples) can be usefully linked to classifications and ontologies. Demonstrates how classifications, ontologies, and triplestores are modeled by modern object-oriented languages.

Book Description :

Understanding causal structure is a central task of human cognition. Causal learning underpins the development of our concepts and categories, our intuitive theories, and our capacities for planning, imagination and inference. During the last few years, there has been an interdisciplinary revolution in our understanding of learning and reasoning: Researchers in philosophy, psychology, and computation have discovered new mechanisms for learning the causal structure of the world. This new work provides a rigorous, formal basis for theory theories of concepts and cognitive development, and moreover, the causal learning mechanisms it has uncovered go dramatically beyond the traditional mechanisms of both nativist theories, such as modularity theories, and empiricist ones, such as association or connectionism.

Book Description :

Fundamentals of Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning is designed for a one or two-semester introductory course in Pattern Recognition or Machine Learning at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level. The book combines theory and practice and is suitable to the classroom and self-study. It has grown out of lecture notes and assignments that the author has developed while teaching classes on this topic for the past 13 years at Texas A&M University. The book is intended to be concise but thorough. It does not attempt an encyclopedic approach, but covers in significant detail the tools commonly used in pattern recognition and machine learning, including classification, dimensionality reduction, regression, and clustering, as well as recent popular topics such as Gaussian process regression and convolutional neural networks. In addition, the selection of topics has a few features that are unique among comparable texts: it contains an extensive chapter on classifier error estimation, as well as sections on Bayesian classification, Bayesian error estimation, separate sampling, and rank-based classification. The book is mathematically rigorous and covers the classical theorems in the area. Nevertheless, an effort is made in the book to strike a balance between theory and practice. In particular, examples with datasets from applications in bioinformatics and materials informatics are used throughout to illustrate the theory. These datasets are available from the book website to be used in end-of-chapter coding assignments based on python and scikit-learn. All plots in the text were generated using python scripts, which are also available on the book website.

Book Description :

Outline of a Theory of Practice is recognized as a major theoretical text on the foundations of anthropology and sociology. Pierre Bourdieu, a distinguished French anthropologist, develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood. With his central concept of the habitus, the principle which negotiates between objective structures and practices, Bourdieu is able to transcend the dichotomies which have shaped theoretical thinking about the social world. The author draws on his fieldwork in Kabylia (Algeria) to illustrate his theoretical propositions. With detailed study of matrimonial strategies and the role of rite and myth, he analyses the dialectical process of the 'incorporation of structures' and the objectification of habitus, whereby social formations tend to reproduce themselves. A rigorous consistent materialist approach lays the foundations for a theory of symbolic capital and, through analysis of the different modes of domination, a theory of symbolic power.

Book Description :

Download Classification Theory and Practice book written by Ann F. Painter, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

This important book offers a meta-theoretical account of educational theories and how they work. It offers a classification scheme of distinct types of educational theory in which the account developed can inform the work of educational theorists and practitioners. Kvernbekk observes throughout how meta-theoretical knowledge of the structure of theory types will improve the understanding and representation of educational phenomena and enhance theorists’ and practitioners’ ability to change those phenomena for the better. She explains how philosophical accounts of scientific theories can help us understand the nature of educational theories by applying two influential but different theory conceptions – the Received View and the Semantic Conception – to the field of education. Kvernbekk argues that educational theories, like other scientific theories, are representational devices that allow us to understand, describe and explain phenomena, and, when desired, to change them. The classification scheme offered allows us to discriminate distinct types of educational theory: goal-directed, equivalence and interlevel theories. Examples of all three types are discussed, explaining their structure, what they say about the phenomena and how they say it. The book also offers a critical overview of different conceptions of practice and different understandings of the theory–practice relationship. Encouraging a strong understanding of what theories say about the phenomena they represent, this book will be of interest to educational researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of philosophy of education, education theory and education policy, and to philosophers of science and philosophers working on ‘practical’ philosophical issues.

Book Description :

Contemporary Issues in Development Finance provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of theoretical and policy issues in development finance from both the domestic and the external finance perspectives and emphasizes addressing the gaps in financial markets. The chapters cover topical issues such as microfinance, private sector financing, aid, FDI, remittances, sovereign wealth, trade finance, and the sectoral financing of agricultural and infrastructural projects. Readers will acquire both breadth and depth of knowledge in critical and contemporary issues in development finance from a philosophical and yet pragmatic development impact approach. The text ensures this by carefully integrating the relevant theoretical underpinnings, empirical assessments, and practical policy issues into its analysis. The work is designed to be fully accessible to practitioners with only a limited theoretical economic background, allowing them to deeply engage with the book as useful reference material. Readers may find more advanced information and technical details provided in clear, concise boxes throughout the text. Finally, each chapter is fully supported by a set of review questions and by cases and examples from developing countries, particularly those in Africa. This book is a valuable resource for both development finance researchers and students taking courses in development finance, development economics, international finance, financial development policy, and economic policy management. Practitioners will find the development impact, policy, and conceptual analysis dimensions insightful analysing and designing intervention strategies.

Book Description :

What is the essence of a part of speech? Why is it difficult to classify parts of speech? What are the bases and criteria for classifying them? How should they be classified? In doing so, how should a conversional word be dealt with? How should nomonalization be treated? These are just some of the questions answered in this book. The classification of parts of speech in Chinese is a tough job due to the language's lack of morphological differences. Based on the analysis of nearly 40,000 Chinese characters, this book proposes that, essentially, a part of speech is not of distributional type and that its intrinsic basis is an expressional function and the semantic type. Essentially, large categories such as substantive words, predicate words and modification words are classes of words classified according to their expressional functions. Basic categories such as nouns, verbs and adjectives are classes that combine semantic types with syntactical functions. In classifying parts of speech, the book pays attention not to identifying a single distributive characteristic that is internally universal and externally exclusive but to clustering the grammatical functions that have the same classification value through the “reflection-representation” relationship among distribution, expressional function and semantic type (distribution reflects expressional function and semantic type, which are, in turn, represented as distribution), thereby identifying the classification criteria. It uses distributional compatibility and the correlation principle to analyze which distributional differences represent differences in parts of speech and which do not. In this way, grammatical functions that have equal classification values are collected into one equivalent function cluster, each of which represents one part of speech. The book uses four strategies to classify parts of speech, namely the homogeneity strategy, the homomorphical strategy, the priority homomorphical strategy and the consolidation strategy. It will be a valuable reference for Chinese linguistic researchers and students as well as Chinese learners.