Capa In The Pharmaceutical And Biotech Industries

Book Description :

CAPA in the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industries: How to Implement an Effective Nine Step Program contains the most current information on how to implement, develop, and maintain an effective Corrective Action and Preventive Action (CAPA) and investigation program using a nine step closed-loop process approach for medical devices and pharmaceutical and biologic manufacturers, as well as any anyone who has to maintain a quality system.This book addresses how companies often make the mistake of fixing problems in their processes by revising procedures or, more commonly, by retraining employees that may or may not have caused the problem. This event-focused fix leads to the false assumption that the errors have been eradicated and will be prevented in the future. The reality is that the causes of the failure were never actually determined, therefore the same problem will recur over and over. CAPA is a complete system that collects information regarding existing and potential quality problems. It analyzes and investigates the issues to identify the root cause of nonconformities. It is not just a quick-fix, simple approach, it is a process and has to be understood throughout organizations.

Book Description :

CAPA in the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industries: How to Implement an Effective Nine Step Program contains the most current information on how to implement, develop, and maintain an effective Corrective Action and Preventive Action (CAPA) and investigation program using a nine step closed-loop process approach for medical devices and pharmaceutical and biologic manufacturers, as well as any anyone who has to maintain a quality system.This book addresses how companies often make the mistake of fixing problems in their processes by revising procedures or, more commonly, by retraining employees that may or may not have caused the problem. This event-focused fix leads to the false assumption that the errors have been eradicated and will be prevented in the future. The reality is that the causes of the failure were never actually determined, therefore the same problem will recur over and over. CAPA is a complete system that collects information regarding existing and potential quality problems. It analyzes and investigates the issues to identify the root cause of nonconformities. It is not just a quick-fix, simple approach, it is a process and has to be understood throughout organizations. Provides an understanding of the principles and techniques involved in the effective implementation of a CAPA program, from the identification of the problem, to the verification of preventive action Emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of how to perform failure investigations and root cause analysis through the use of several types of methodologies, all explained in detail Provides effective methods to use with a Corrective Action system to help quality professionals identify costly issues and resolve them quickly and appropriately

Book Description :

Kaizen procedures evolved in the automobile industry. Therefore, most of Kaizen literature, publications, books, cite Kaizen implementation in factories such as Toyota, Ford, Mazda and the like. But work practices within pharmaceutical, medical device and biotech industry are different from the auto sector. Regulations, customer demands, competitor landscape, product criteria, facility and environmental needs as well as employee skills within pharmaceutical (medical devices and biotech) companies are extremely stringent and totally different from the automobile industry. Therefore, 'as is' Kaizen practices from auto sector won't work for pharmaceutical, medical device, and biotech organizations. Kaizen needs to be customized for these life science industries, to achieve its full benefits. So far, there has been no book on Kaizen that is customized for such industries. For over a decade, the author, Dr. Shruti Bhat has successfully completed more than 250 Kaizen, Lean Six Sigma and other continuous improvement projects worldwide within pharmaceuticals NHP, medical devices, biotech and healthcare sectors, and felt it will be beneficial to share those techniques and experiences. In addition to explaining all the general Kaizen process features, implementation, and application, this book also provides a structured approach to designing Kaizen strategies, practices and implementation for pharmaceutical, medical device and biotech companies. This book will be most applicable to small to medium-size companies. It will demystify Kaizen and help business leaders in pharmaceutical, medical device, biotech and all life sciences organizations, irrespective of their size or workplace culture. It will also provide practical and useful examples and case studies of Kaizen principles that can be executed at various levels across the organization as well as for yourself as an individual to further your personal career. And last but not the least, it will help to improve revenues and create a lasting profitable change by using Kaizen principles and techniques.

Book Description :

With the appearance of methods for the sequencing of genomes and less expensive next generation sequencing methods, we face rapid advancements of the -omics technologies and plant biology studies: reverse and forward genetics, functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, the movement at distance of effectors and structural biology. From plant genomics to plant biotechnology reviews the recent advancements in the post-genomic era, discussing how different varieties respond to abiotic and biotic stresses, understanding the epigenetic control and epigenetic memory, the roles of non-coding RNAs, applicative uses of RNA silencing and RNA interference in plant physiology and in experimental transgenics and plants modified to specific aims. In the forthcoming years these advancements will support the production of plant varieties better suited to resist biotic and abiotic stresses, for food and non-food applications. This book covers these issues, showing how such technologies are influencing the plant field in sectors such as the selection of plant varieties and plant breeding, selection of optimum agronomic traits, stress-resistant varieties, improvement of plant fitness, improving crop yield, and non-food applications in the knowledge based bio-economy. Discusses a broad range of applications: the examples originate from a variety of sectors (including in field studies, breeding, RNA regulation, pharmaceuticals and biotech) and a variety of scientific areas (such as bioinformatics, -omics sciences, epigenetics, and the agro-industry) Provides a unique perspective on work normally performed 'behind closed doors'. As such, it presents an opportunity for those within the field to learn from each other, and for those on the 'outside' to see how different groups have approached key problems Highlights the criteria used to compare and assess different approaches to solving problems. Shows the thinking process, practical limitations and any other considerations, aiding in the understanding of a deeper approach

Book Description :

A range of new and innovative tools used for preformulation and formulation of medicines help optimize pharmaceutical development projects. Such tools also assist with the performance evaluation of the pharmaceutical process, allowing any potential gaps to be identified. These tools can be applied in both basic research and industrial environment. Formulation tools for pharmaceutical development considers these key research and industrial tools. Nine chapters by leading contributors cover: Artificial neural networks technology to model, understand, and optimize drug formulations; ME_expert 2.0: a heuristic decision support system for microemulsions formulation development; Expert system for the development and formulation of push-pull osmotic pump tablets containing poorly water-soluble drugs; SeDeM Diagram: an expert system for preformulation, characterization and optimization of tables obtained by direct compression; New SeDeM-ODT expert system: an expert system for formulation of orodispersible tablets obtained by direct compression; and 3D-cellular automata in computer-aided design of pharmaceutical formulations: mathematical concept and F-CAD software. Coverage of artificial intelligence tools, new expert systems, understanding of pharmaceutical processes, robust development of medicines, and new ways to develop medicines Development of drugs and medicines using mathematical tools Compilation of expert system developed around the world

Book Description :

Research and development in the pharmaceutical industry is a time-consuming and expensive process, making it difficult for newly developed drugs to be formulated into commercially available products. Both formulation and process development can be optimized by means of statistically organized experiments, artificial intelligence and other computational methods. Simultaneous development and investigation of pharmaceutical products and processes enables application of quality by design concept that is being promoted by the regulatory authorities worldwide. Computer-aided applications in pharmaceutical technology covers the fundamentals of experimental design application and interpretation in pharmaceutical technology, chemometric methods with emphasis of their application in process control, neural computing (artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and decision trees, evolutionary computing and genetic algorithms, self-organizing maps), computer-aided biopharmaceutical characterization as well as application of computational fluid dynamics in pharmaceutical technology. All of these techniques are essential tools for successful building of quality into pharmaceutical products and processes from the early stage of their development to selection of the optimal ones. In addition to theoretical aspects of various methods, the book provides numerous examples of their application in the field of pharmaceutical technology. A comprehensive review of the current state of the art on various computer aided applications in pharmaceutical technology Case studies are presented in order to facilitate understanding of various concepts in computer-aided applications

Book Description :

Failure to adequately control any microbial challenge associated within process or product by robust sterilisation will result in a contaminated marketed product, with potential harm to the patient. Sterilisation is therefore of great importance to healthcare and the manufacturers of medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Sterility, sterilisation and sterility assurance for pharmaceuticals examines different means of rendering a product sterile by providing an overview of sterilisation methods including heat, radiation and filtration. The book outlines and discusses sterilisation technology and the biopharmaceutical manufacturing process, including aseptic filling, as well as aspects of the design of containers and packaging, as well as addressing the cleanroom environments in which products are prepared. Consisting of 18 chapters, the book comprehensively covers sterility, sterilisation and microorganisms; pyrogenicity and bacterial endotoxins; regulatory requirements and good manufacturing practices; and gamma radiation. Later chapters discuss e-beam; dry heat sterilisation; steam sterilisation; sterilisation by gas; vapour sterilisation; and sterile filtration, before final chapters analyse depyrogenation; cleanrooms; aseptic processing; media simulation; biological indicators; sterility testing; auditing; and new sterilisation techniques. Covers the main sterilisation methods of physical removal, physical alteration and inactivation Includes discussion of medical devices, aseptically filled products and terminally sterilised products Describes bacterial, pyrogenic, and endotoxin risks to devices and products

Book Description :

Written by a leading researcher in the field, Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development provides a comprehensive and practical guide to drug transporter families that are the most important for drug discovery and development. It covers: an overview of transporter families and organ distribution; clinical relevant drug-drug interaction; clinical relevant polymorphism; drug transporter related pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and toxicity; in vitro/in vivo probes of drug transport studies; the practical methodologies of industrial transporter screening and translational aspect in drug discovery and developments. A comprehensive overview of drug transporter families and their clinical relevance in drug discovery and development Balanced coverage of molecular biology aspects and functional outcomes State of art knowledge related to transporter-mediated DDI and the clinical relevance in pharmacokinetics, dynamics, and toxicity

Book Description :

Nanotechnology-based therapeutics, operating at scales of billionths of a metre, have great potential for future expansion in altering the scale and methods of drug delivery. The availability of these novel formulations to once-inaccessible areas of the body has greatly expanded the therapeutic window of existing drug molecules. Nanoparticulate drug delivery highlights and examines the transition of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems from the laboratory into a commercially viable sector. The first chapters of the book provide an overview of the use and characterization of nanoparticulate systems as drug carriers, including the assessment of their morphology, sterility and potential toxicity. In the latter part of the book, chapters cover nanotoxicology, regulatory aspect and clinical trials, ending with an overview of several case studies and a look towards future developments. Discusses the issues surrounding nanoparticulate products, based on personal experience of their formulation Provides an overview of new application areas, including RNA interference Outlines the pros and cons of nanoparticulate products, and discusses how these may influence their route into the commercial sector

Book Description :

A biotech manager's handbook lays out - in a simple, straightforward manner - for the manager or would-be entrepreneur the basic principles of running a biotech company. Most managers in biotechnology companies are working in their first company or in their first managerial role. Their expertise and experience in the scientific part of the work can be taken as a given but there is a whole range of other skills to be learned and areas of expertise to come to terms with. Small companies do not have big budgets to hire people or time to become an expert in so many areas. The book starts by outlining the state of the biopharmaceutical industry and goes on to explain the importance of planning (no matter what the size of the company). Succeeding chapters deal with the basics of intellectual property, perspectives from a university technology transfer office and how to raise some initial funding from an investor and entrepreneur. No other 'how to' manual exists for this sector Written by a range of expert professionals in each area, all in one book Is the only 'bench to bedside' book covering the whole spectrum of development

Book Description :

The free/open source approach has grown from a minor activity to become a significant producer of robust, task-orientated software for a wide variety of situations and applications. To life science informatics groups, these systems present an appealing proposition - high quality software at a very attractive price. Open source software in life science research considers how industry and applied research groups have embraced these resources, discussing practical implementations that address real-world business problems. The book is divided into four parts. Part one looks at laboratory data management and chemical informatics, covering software such as Bioclipse, OpenTox, ImageJ and KNIME. In part two, the focus turns to genomics and bioinformatics tools, with chapters examining GenomicsTools and EBI Atlas software, as well as the practicalities of setting up an ‘omics’ platform and managing large volumes of data. Chapters in part three examine information and knowledge management, covering a range of topics including software for web-based collaboration, open source search and visualisation technologies for scientific business applications, and specific software such as DesignTracker and Utopia Documents. Part four looks at semantic technologies such as Semantic MediaWiki, TripleMap and Chem2Bio2RDF, before part five examines clinical analytics, and validation and regulatory compliance of free/open source software. Finally, the book concludes by looking at future perspectives and the economics and free/open source software in industry. Discusses a broad range of applications from a variety of sectors Provides a unique perspective on work normally performed behind closed doors Highlights the criteria used to compare and assess different approaches to solving problems

Book Description :

Ocular transporters and receptors contains detailed descriptions of major transporters and receptors expressed in the eye, with special emphasis on their role in drug delivery. The complex anatomy and the existence of multiple barriers in the eye pose a considerable challenge to successful drug delivery to the eye. Hence ocular transporters and receptors are important targets for drug delivery. A significant advancement has been made in the field of ocular transport research and their role in drug delivery. In this book the cutting edge research being carried out in this field is compiled and summarized. The book focuses on key areas, including the anatomy and physiology of the eye, biology of ocular transporters and receptors, techniques in characterization of transporters and receptors, transporters and receptors in the anterior and posterior segment in the eye, the role of ocular transporters and receptors in drug delivery, and transporter-metabolism interplay in the eye. Highly focused on ocular transporters Most up-to-date research compilation Detailed description of role of transporters and receptors in ocular drug discovery and delivery

Book Description :

The metabolic regulation of a cell system is of critical importance in systems biology, and a robust model of these mechanisms is essential in predicting the effects on the metabolism of both the culture environment and the knockout of specific genes. Bacterial cellular metabolic systems focuses on this highly topical subject in relation to culture environment and provides a detailed analysis from gene level to metabolic level regulation, as well as offering a discussion of the most recent modelling approaches. The book begins with an introduction to metabolic mechanisms and to the metabolic regulation of a cell, before moving on to discussing the action of global regulators in response to a specific culture environment. The second half of the book examines conventional flux balance analysis and its applications, 13C-metabolic flux analysis, and the effect of a specific gene knockout on the metabolism. Comprehensive account of metabolic regulation via global regulators in response to changes in the culture environment Basic formulation of 13C-metabolic flux analysis based on 13C-labelling experiments Systems biology approach for the modelling and computer simulation of the main metabolic pathways of a cell system

Book Description :

Stem cell bioprocessing describes the main large-scale bioprocessing strategies for both stem cell culture and purification, envisaging the application of these cells for regenerative medicine and drug screening. Bioreactor configurations are described, including their applications for stem cell expansion, and stem cell separation techniques such as isolation and purification are discussed. Basic definitions are provided concerning the different types of stem cells, from adult stem cells to the more recent induced pluripotent stem cells. The main characteristics of these different stem cell types are described, alongside the molecular mechanisms underlying their self-renewal and differentiation. The book also focuses on methodologies currently used for in vitro stem cell culture under static conditions, including the challenge of xeno-free culture conditions, as well as culture parameters that influence stem cell culture. Approaches for both stem cell culture and separation in micro-scale conditions are presented, including the use of cellular microarrays for high-throughput screening of the effect of both soluble and extracellular matrix molecules. A further section is dedicated to application of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Maintains a unique focus on both the basic stem cell biology concepts, and their translation to large-scale bioprocessing approaches Envisages the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine and drug screening applications Discusses the application of microscale techniques as a tool to perform basic stem cell biology studies

Book Description :

Quality assurance is necessary to maintain quality and services in the pharmaceutical and life science industries. Quality assurance demonstrates that the logic and practice of problem solving can integrate both program efficacy and regulatory compliance. This title is divided into three parts; the first part discusses the process by which a problem in regulated industry is identified, for example a manufacturing deviation that leads to an adulterated drug product, and reviews the decision-making steps involved in remedying the problem. The second part delves into the staff training requirements of procedures that are thereby revised. The third part expands on this discussion by considering piloting the proposed training module, preparing assessments of trainee proficiency, evaluating the training module, including integrating rigorous evaluative designs with formative program improvement, and documenting the entire effort. Presents a comprehensive view of the field of quality assurance An approach grounded in direct experience Uses diagrams and figures to clarify analytical points

Book Description :

Contemporary biomedical and clinical research is undergoing constant development thanks to the rapid advancement of various high throughput technologies at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. These technologies can generate vast amounts of raw data, making bioinformatics methodologies essential in their use for basic biomedical and clinical applications. Bioinformatics for biomedical science and clinical applications demonstrates what these cutting-edge technologies can do and examines how to design an appropriate study, including how to deal with data and address specific clinical questions. The first two chapters consider Bioinformatics and analysis of the human genome. The subsequent three chapters cover the introduction of Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Systems biomedical science. The remaining chapters move on to critical developments, clinical information and conclude with domain knowledge and adaptivity. A coherent presentation of concepts, methodologies and practical tools that systematically lead to significant discoveries in the biomedical and clinical area Real examples of cutting edge discoveries The introduction of study types and technologies for all the DNA, RNA and protein levels

Book Description :

Marine bioprospecting is a highly topical subject - in both applied and basic research - but, as yet, the marine ecosystem is a relatively unexplored source of natural bioactive substances with potential therapeutic activity. This book addresses the use of marine enzymes in biocatalysis through a series of chapters from leading scientists within academic and industrial fields. Biocatalytic processes can take advantage of the habitat-related properties of marine enzymes, such as salt tolerance, hyperthermostability, barophilicity, cold adaptivity, and so on, whilst also taking into consideration substrate specificity and affinity. These evolved properties are linked to the metabolic functions of the enzymes and to the ecological aspects of the natural source. New properties can also be discovered at the molecular level of catalysis, particularly concerning the stereochemical characteristics of products. Marine enzymes for biocatalysis initially examines the nature and level of interest in marine biological diversity, and outlines the fundamentals of biocatalysis. It goes on to detail sources of marine enzymes, and to analyse examples from both chemical and stereochemical viewpoints of catalysis, including microbial enzymes and animal or plant sources. The book goes on to explore the future potential of marine bioprospecting in biocatalysis. Compiles studies from leading scientists in a direct and accessible format. Includes practical descriptions of results, adding further details not often covered in formal articles Takes a molecular view which fully explains the enzymatic aspects of reactions, particularly regarding biocatalytic characteristics and descriptions of bioprocesses Selects examples of chemical and stereochemical aspects of enzymatic action with respect to known terrestrial counterparts

Book Description :

With decreasing profit margins, increasing cost pressures, growing regulatory compliance concerns, mounting pressure from generic drugs and increasing anxiety about the future of healthcare reimbursement, pharmaceutical manufacturers are now forced to re-examine and re-assess the way they have been doing things. In order to sustain profitability, these companies are looking to reduce waste (of all kinds), improve efficiency and increase productivity. Many of them are taking a closer look at lean manufacturing as a way to achieve these goals. Lean biomanufacturing re-visits lean principles and then applies them sympathetically - in a highly practical approach - to the specific needs of pharmaceutical processes, which present significantly different challenges to more mainstream manufacturing processes. A major goal of the book is to highlight those problems and issues that appear more specific or unique to biopharmaceutical manufacturing situations and to provide some insights into what challenges are the important ones to solve and what techniques, tools and mechanisms to employ to be successful. Following an introduction to lean biomanufacturing, the book goes on to discuss lean technologies and methods applied in biomanufacturing. Later chapters cover the creation and implementation of the Transition Plan, issues facing the biopharmaceutical industry, creating a lean approach towards biopharmaceutical processes and the contribution of simulation models in developing these processes. The final chapter covers examples of new technology innovations which help facilitate lean biomanufacturing. A focus on the issues associated with the application of lean principles to biomanufacturing Practical examples of factors which can affect biopharmaceutical processes Coverage of key factors which require integration to run an efficient biopharmaceutical process

Book Description :

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in cancer research requires an understanding of the many possibilities that NMR metabolomics can offer, as well as of the specific characteristics of the cancer metabolic phenotype and the open questions in cancer research. NMR metabolomics in cancer research presents a detailed account of the NMR spectroscopy methods applied to metabolomics mixture analysis along with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. Following an overview of the potential use of NMR metabolomics in cancer research, the book begins with an examination of the cancer metabolic phenotype and experimental methodology, before moving on to cover data pre-processing and data analysis. Chapters in the latter part of the book look at dynamic metabolic profiling, biomarker discovery, and the application of NMR metabolomics for different types of cancer, before a concluding chapter discusses future perspectives in the field. Focused description of NMR spectroscopy needed by cancer biologists who are starting to use metabolomics Current overview of knowledge related to the cancer metabolic phenotype from the perspective of metabolomics applications Information about the best practices in NMR metabolomics experimentation and data preprocessing as applied to different sample types

Book Description :

MATLAB® in bioscience and biotechnology presents an introductory Matlab course oriented towards various collaborative areas of biotechnology and bioscience. It concentrates on Matlab fundamentals and gives examples of its application to a wide range of current bioengineering problems in computational biology, molecular biology, bio-kinetics, biomedicine, bioinformatics, and biotechnology. In the last decade Matlab has been presented to students as the first computer program they learn. Consequently, many non-programmer students, engineers and scientists have come to regard it as user-friendly and highly convenient in solving their specific problems. Numerous books are available on programming in Matlab for engineers in general, irrespective of their specialization, or for those specializing in some specific area, but none have been designed especially for such a wide, interdisciplinary, and topical area as bioengineering. Thus, in this book, Matlab is presented with examples and applications to various school-level and advanced bioengineering problems - from growing populations of microorganisms and population dynamics, reaction kinetics and reagent concentrations, predator-prey models, mass-transfer and flow problems, to sequence analysis and sequence statistics. This is the first book intended as a manual introducing biologists and other biotechnology engineers to work with Matlab It is suitable for beginners and inexperienced users; however, applications of Matlab to advanced problems such as the Monte Carlo method, curve fitting, and reliable machine diagnostics make the book relevant to university teachers as well The book is different in that it assumes a modest mathematical background for the reader and introduces the mathematical or technical concepts with a somewhat traditional approach; Matlab is then used as a tool for subsequent computer solution