Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Methods Based On Coronary Imaging

Book Description :

Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Methods Based on Coronary Imaging provides a complete review of computer methods for atherosclerotic plaque reconstruction and characterization. The authors, with their expertise from biomedical engineering, computer science, and cardiology, offer a holistic view. The focus of the book is on the presentation of major imaging techniques, including their limitations. It includes details on the mechanical characterization and properties of plaques and appropriate constitutive models to describe the mechanical behavior of plaques. The authors explore the challenges of using multiple coronary imaging technologies, and provide the pros and cons of invasive vs. non-invasive techniques. Methods for plaque characterization and 3D reconstruction of coronary arteries using IVUS, OCT, and CT images are described. This book will help readers study new trends in image processing analysis and plaque characterization, implement automated plaque characterization methodologies, understand coronary imaging drawbacks, and comprehend 3 dimensional coronary artery and plaque reconstruction methods. Describes the multimodality imaging techniques that are commonly used in the diagnosis of arterial diseases, including intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, angiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography Discusses in-depth the computational methods which can be used for the detection of different plaque types Explores plaque in 3D reconstruction methods and plaque modeling approaches

Book Description :

This publication starts of with a review of plaque imaging techniques, with an introduction of the segmentation techniques for plaque classification and quantification. Many aspects of plaque imaging techniques are presented in this publication, such as; medical image retrieval and database management, MRI techniques to differentiate stable versus high risk atherosclerosis, composition and morphology of atherosclerotic plaque, analysis of the soft tissue based on computer vision techniques, modelling of coronary artery biomechanics, Cardiac CT for the assessment of cardiovascular pathology with an emphasis on the detection of coronary atherosclerosis, technical and practical issues regarding coronary atherosclerotic plaque imaging by CT (focussing on coronary calcium imaging), feasibility of a non-invasive, in vivo determination of the IBS of arterial wall tissue, high resolution ultrasound images of carotid plaques, the problem of reliable features extraction and classification process and a discussion on advanced mathematical techniques to extract spectral information from the RF data to determine the plaque composition.

Book Description :

Given that for centuries, the standard tool to understand diseases in tissues was the microscope and that its major limitation was that only excised tissue could be used, recent technology now permits the examination of diseased tissue in vivo. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has promising potential when applied to coronary artery disease. OCT has the capability to identify coronary plaque and to distinguish between plaques that are stable and unstable. If the plaques are stable then OCT can direct percutaneous intervention (angioplasty or stenting). Optical coherence tomography is a light-based imaging technology that allows for very high resolution imaging in biological tissues. It has been first applied in ophthalmology, where it soon became the golden standard for the assessment of (epi-) retinal processes. The unique imaging capabilities have raised the interest of researchers and clinicians in the field of cardiovascular disease, since OCT offers unique possibilities to study atherosclerosis pathophysiology in vivo. With over 1.1M Americans having a heart attack this year because of unstable plaque rupture, OCT may have an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease. This unique publication offers the reader the basic background to OCT and its role in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. The Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiovascular Research introduces the cardiovascular application of this technology. Clinicians, biologists, engineers and physicist are discussing different aspects of cardiovascular OCT application in a multidisciplinary approach. The handbook offers the readership a concise overview on the current state of the art of vascular OCT imaging and sheds light on a variety of exciting new developments. The physics, technical principles of OCT and its application in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular research areas are summarized by highly recognized specialists. The potential of OCT in peripheral and coronary arteries and in developmental cardiology are described. Each research area is introduced by a clinical expert in the field followed by discussion of different aspects from an engineering, biomedical and clinical perspective. Specifically, the current capabilities for plaque characterization, detection of vulnerable plaque, guidance of interventional procedures, Doppler-assessment, and molecular contrast imaging are being described. The Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiovascular Research targets researchers and clinicians involved in the field of atherosclerosis. The summary of basic physics, engineering solutions, pre-clinical and clinical application covers all relevant aspects and will be a valuable reference source.

Book Description :

Download Ultrasonic Characterization of Human Coronary Arteries and Atherosclerotic Plaques book written by Joseph James Hoffman, available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound has recently taken an explosive growth for better safer, economic, mobile and high quality healthcare. This technology is very appealing for medical applications because it is non-ionizing, non-invasive and it is available in most of the medical and clinical facilities. Its low cost, when compared with other medical image modalities, makes it one of the preferred tools for medical monitoring, follow-up and diagnosis. Besides the traditional fields of Cardiology and Obstetrics, where it is extensively used for long time, it has became also very useful in the diagnosis of diseases of the prostate, liver and coronaries and carotids atherosclerosis. However, Ultrasound images present poor quality, very low signal to noise ratio and a lot of artifacts. The extraction of useful information from Ultrasound data for diagnosis is a challenge task that makes this medical image modality a very active field of research. The difficulties are being overcome and novel and advanced methods are being proposed for detection, characterization and segmentation of abnormalities in several organs. In fact, Ultrasound application range is vast, covering almost all organs of the human body, including the brain where Tran-cranial Doppler Ultrasound is very important to assess the brain vasculature. This book presents some of the recent advances in Ultrasound imaging technology covering several organs and techniques in a Biomedical Engineering (BME) perspective. The focus of the book is in the algorithms, methodologies and systems developed by multidisciplinary research teams of engineers and physicians for Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) purposes. Cardiovascular and Cancer, the most common life-threatening diseases in western countries, are two of the most important topics focused in the book. However, other advanced issues are also presented such as Intravascular Ultrasound, 3D US and Ultrasound in Computer-Aided Surgery (CAS). Some chapters are direct contributions from medical research groups where Ultrasound has also received great attention in the last decade. By this, new techniques based on Ultrasound were introduced in the clinical practice for diagnosis and therapeutics, mainly in hospital facilities.

Book Description :

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the world, resulting mostly from the sudden ruptures of atherosclerosis carotid plaques. Understanding why and how plaque develops and ruptures requires a multi-disciplinary approach such as radiology, biomedical engineering, medical physics, software engineering, hardware engineering, pathological and histological imaging. Multi-Modality Atherosclerosis Imaging, Diagnosis and Treatment presents a new dimension of understanding Atherosclerosis in 2D and 3D. This book presents work on plaque stress analysis in order to provide a general framework of computational modeling with atherosclerosis plaques. New algorithms based on 3D and 4D Ultrasound are presented to assess the atherosclerotic disease as well as very recent advances in plaque multimodality image fusion analysis. The goal of Multi-Modality Atherosclerosis Imaging, Diagnosis and Treatment is to fuse information obtained from different 3D medical image modalities, such as 3D US, CT and MRI, providing the medical doctor with some sort of augmented reality information about the atherosclerotic plaque in order to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis. Analysis of the plaque dynamics along the cardiac cycle is also a valuable indicator for plaque instability assessment and therefore for risk stratification. 4D Ultrasound, a sequence of 3D reconstructions of the region of interest along the time, can be used for this dynamic analysis. Multimodality Image Fusion is a very appealing approach because it puts together the best characteristics of each modality, such as, the high temporal resolution of US and the high spatial resolutions of MRI and CT.

Book Description :

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and atherosclerosis is the primary underlying condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising diagnostic tool for evaluating atherosclerosis because of its excellent tissue contrast non-invasiveness. However many vascular MRI techniques have not been utilized clinically due to practical issues related to imaging speed, workflow, contrast media, and image quality. The primary focus of the work in this dissertation is to address some of these limitations and improve the capability of vascular MRI to accurately detect and characterize atherosclerotic lesions. Specifically, there are four areas of improvements of vascular MRI: First, an online respiratory self-gating method (ADIOS) was developed for noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography of renal arteries. Some drawbacks of the conventional navigator gating method, including complicated planning and saturation artifacts were eliminated. Testing on healthy subjects confirmed that the proposed method was able to provide high-quality visualization of renal arteries with no navigator-induced artifacts, simplified setup, and shorter scan time. Second, a diffusion-prepared turbo-spin-echo technique (DP-TSE) was developed to enable 3D high resolution diffusion weighted imaging for carotid plaque characterization without the need of contrast agent. The proposed method showed significantly higher vessel wall visibility, less distortion, and less partial volume effect. Apparent diffusion coefficient demonstrated the potential to differentiate lipid core from fibrous plaque tissue. Third, a black-blood imaging technique (DANTE-SPACE) was developed to improve flow signal suppression in vessel wall imaging. A combined carotid and intracranial arterial wall imaging protocol was designed and tested. DANTE-SPACE demonstrated significantly improved arterial and venous blood suppression compared with conventional methods. Preliminary clinical study showed that the proposed method had the potential to detect vessel wall dissection and accurately differentiate plaque components. Fourth, an imaging method for coronary plaque characterization was developed to allow simultaneous dark-blood T1-weighted imaging and bright-blood imaging. An image-based affine motion correction algorithm was designed to allow 100% respiratory gating efficiency. Results from healthy subjects demonstrated the feasibility of whole-heart coronary plaque imaging with isotropic high resolution. Preliminary results from patients with coronary artery disease showed the potential of this technique to detect intra-plaque hemorrhage and inflammation in the coronary wall.

Book Description :

Download Ultrasonic and Advanced Methods for Nondestructive Testing and Material Characterization book written by , available in PDF, EPUB, and Kindle, or read full book online anywhere and anytime. Compatible with any devices.

Book Description :

Biomechanics of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: From Model to Patient, Fourth Edition summarizes all biomechanical aspects of each living organ in one comprehensive reference. The first two volumes introduce Continuum Fluid and Solid Biomechanics approaches, with each subsequent volume covering the important biomechanical and clinical aspects. The key thought leaders in the field of Biomechanics of Living Organs have gathered together their expertise in this series, making it an essential reference for anyone working in this research area. This book presents the first such resource to cover fluid and solid biomechanical studies conducted in this last decade to increase our understanding of plaque initiation, growth and rupture and improve the design of medical devices and clinical interventions, including surgical procedures. Presents the main computational fluid dynamic studies performed, describing blood flow in healthy and pathological artery branches, including in coronary bifurcations Highlights the correlation between plaque initiation regions and blood shear stress amplitude Discusses the main biomechanical and mechanobiological models to highlight the importance of quantifying the residual and peak cap stresses and the presence of μ-calcifications to evaluate the risk of plaque rupture Introduces the most recent intravascular imaging biomarker techniques (elastography, palpography and modulography)

Book Description :

These are the proceedings of the International Conference on ISMAC-CVB, held in Palladam, India, in May 2018. The book focuses on research to design new analysis paradigms and computational solutions for quantification of information provided by object recognition, scene understanding of computer vision and different algorithms like convolutional neural networks to allow computers to recognize and detect objects in images with unprecedented accuracy and to even understand the relationships between them. The proceedings treat the convergence of ISMAC in Computational Vision and Bioengineering technology and includes ideas and techniques like 3D sensing, human visual perception, scene understanding, human motion detection and analysis, visualization and graphical data presentation and a very wide range of sensor modalities in terms of surveillance, wearable applications, home automation etc. ISMAC-CVB is a forum for leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of computational vision and bioengineering.

Book Description :

"Biomedical signal processing is a rapidly expanding field with a wide range of applications, from the construction of artificial limbs and aids for disabilities to the development of sophisticated medical imaging systems. Acquisition and processing of bio"

Book Description :

This book provides comprehensive information on new and existing vessel imaging techniques, with the intention of improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular and related diseases. In recent years, vessel wall imaging has expanded greatly into other beds (such as the intracranial and peripheral arteries) and many of the techniques available for evaluation and diagnosis have only previously been published in research papers. This book bridges that gap for clinicians, applying cutting edge research to their everyday practice. The first six sections of the book are centered around individual vessel beds. These chapters will teach clinicians the multi-modality imaging techniques available to image these vessels and related pathology with a focus on new imaging tools and techniques. The final two sections of the book will offer a more comprehensive technical background aimed at imaging scientists for the imaging techniques used and the relationship of blood flow and modeling to disease monitoring and prevention. This is an ideal guide for radiologists and imaging scientists looking to learn the latest techniques in vessel imaging.

Book Description :

What's New in Cardiovascular Imaging is a bibliographical "image" of a Symposium held June 22-24, 1998 in Leiden, the Netherlands. At this Symposium all the major advances in car diovascular imaging in all the cardiovascular imaging modalities (X-ray, (intravascular) ultra sound, magnetic resonance, scintigraphy and CT) were addressed by the leading authorities in this field. Based on the presentations of the invited Faculty, this book consists of a compi lation of manuscripts related to most of the topics discussed at this particular meeting. We express our gratitude to all authors and coauthors for having made great efforts in preparing their superb up-to-date chapters under a great time pressure, so that this book was available at the time of the Symposium. The authors are all excellent investigators in one or more fields of cardiovascular imaging and they have stimulated progress in cardiovascular imaging with the aim to improve patient care and clinical research. This book consists of a total of 32 chapters subdivided into seven Parts. Each part describes a particular field in cardiovascular imaging. These Parts are: Coronary quantitation by QCA and intracoronary ultrasound (QCU), angiographic trials, progress in intravascular ultrasound, magnetic resonance (MR) coronary and vascular imaging, nuclear cardiovascular imaging, echocardiography, and cine and spiral CT coronary imaging. In general, each Part begins with a chapter that provides a broad overview of the advances in the field described in that particular Part, as well as a view towards the future.

Book Description :

Software is the essential enabling means for science and the new economy. It helps us to create a more reliable, flexible and robust society. But software often falls short of our expectations. Current methodologies, tools, and techniques remain expensive and are not yet sufficiently reliable, while many promising approaches have proved to be no more than case-by-case oriented methods. This book contains extensively reviewed papers from the thirteenth International Conference on New Trends in software Methodology, Tools and Techniques (SoMeT_14), held in Langkawi, Malaysia, in September 2014. The conference provides an opportunity for scholars from the international research community to discuss and share research experiences of new software methodologies and techniques, and the contributions presented here address issues ranging from research practices and techniques and methodologies to proposing and reporting solutions for global world business. The emphasis has been on human-centric software methodologies, end-user development techniques and emotional reasoning, for an optimally harmonized performance between the design tool and the user. Topics covered include the handling of cognitive issues in software development to adapt it to the user's mental state and intelligent software design in software utilizing new aspects on conceptual ontology and semantics reflected on knowledge base system models. This book provides an opportunity for the software science community to show where we are today and where the future may take us.

Book Description :

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels. Of the various types of diabetes, type 2 diabetes is increasing in prevalence due to obesity, aging, sedentarism, and other factors. This book presents a novel approach to preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Chapters cover such topics as diagnosis, pathogenesis, management, lifestyle and nutritional intervention, and systems to support early diagnosis and prevention of prediabetes.

Book Description :

Atherosclerosis is a disease which has impacted our health like no other in the last half century. The detection of this disease range from biomarkers, stress-testing to invasive imaging by way of angiography or other intravascular methods. In recent years, technological developments in multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed us to visualize atherosclerotic plaque noninvasively. This has great appeal as they carry very little risk in comparison to invasive angiography and provide information of plaque composition in addition to stenosis severity. The identification of plaques which are high-risk or 'vulnerable' to subsequent complications such as myocardial infarction or stroke would be highly valuable in our approach to incremental risk assessment and perhaps future treatment. Certain procedures in interventional cardiology such as saphenous vein graft (SVG) intervention and carotid stenting carry increased risk of embolic complications compared to coronary stenting. Non-invasive imaging could potentially identify certain plaque features which may be associated with an increased risk of embolization before embarking on such procedures. This thesis examines the utility of MDCT and MRI in atherosclerotic plaque imaging prior to SVG interventions and carotid stenting. Our initial chapter investigates the angiographic parameters associated with embolization during SVG intervention. We correlate the amount of debris captured by distal protection devices during intervention with angiographic markers and subsequently, with impaired blood flow by way of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count. Our next step involved the accuracy and reproducibility of MDCT and MRI in plaque quantification in comparison to our reference standard of intravascular ultrasound. We measured the luminal, vessel wall and plaque areas, and then calculated the resultant plaque volume of SVG lesions for all three modalities. Having gained an understanding of the accuracy of MDCT and MRI, we investigated the relationships of MDCT plaque volume and density with embolic debris captured by distal protection device during SVG intervention. We then undertook histological assessment of the debris utilizing semi-automated image analysis software. We quantified the various plaque components including red blood cells, thrombus, lipid, cholesterol clefts and fibrous tissue. Finally, we explored the relationship between the histological findings with plaque volume, density and amount of embolization which occurred. Our last original chapter investigates the utility of multi-weighted MRI to assess carotid plaque prior to stenting. We measured plaque volumes and characterized plaques as calcific, fibrotic or lipidic according to MRI findings. This information is then correlated to the amount of embolic debris captured by the distal protection device used during stenting. In comparison to invasive imaging modalities like intravascular ultrasound, research into plaque characterization by MDCT and MRI is just beginning. Almost all of the current studies have been on coronary artery plaques. This thesis breaks new ground by studying SVG plaques and demonstrating links between plaque volume, composition and embolization during intervention. It builds on our knowledge of these non-invasive modalities and help us define their future roles.

Book Description :

Finally, a convenient, one-volume summary of current knowledge on an area of increasing importance! The Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque presents contributions from the best investigators in the field, skillfully edited for easy reading and lavishly illustrated with high-quality, full-color images. After a considered and concise introduction, the book concentrates on: Pathology of vulnerable plaque Triggers for plaque rupture Imaging of unstable plaque Management of vulnerable plaques Careful editing allows the authors to avoid repetition and provide comprehensive coverage of pathology, detection, and management. This thorough and authoritative reference will change the way interventionists look at the disease.

Book Description :

To successfully detect and diagnose disease, it is vital for medical diagnosticians to properly apply the latest medical imaging technologies. It is a worrisome reality that due to either the nature or volume of some of the images provided, early or obscured signs of disease can go undetected or be misdiagnosed. To combat these inaccuracies, diagno

Book Description :

Ultrasound and Carotid Bifurcation Atherosclerosis provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in instrumentation, imaging techniques including the use of contrast enhancement agents, plaque image analysis and its automation, elastography and plaque motion analysis; also, the use of ultrasonic and other biomarkers in the detection of the high risk cardiovascular individual. Finally, it deals with the application of IVUS, TCD and carotid plaque characterization in clinical practice and in stroke risk stratification. Ultrasound and Carotid Bifurcation Atherosclerosis is intended for all those working in the field of atherosclerosis, ultrasound imaging and cardiovascular risk, including the clinician, the vascular ultrasonographer, the epidemiologist, the molecular biologist, the biomedical engineer and the informatics scientist. Furthermore, this book bridges the gap between the researcher and the clinician, who is keen to incorporate the latest results of research to his daily practice.

Book Description :

There has been great progress and increase in demand for medical imaging. The aim of this book is to capture all major developments in all aspects of medical imaging. As such, this book consists of three major parts: medical physics which includes 3D reconstructions, image processing and segmentation in medical imaging, and medical imaging instruments and systems. As the field is very broad and growing exponentially, this book will cover major activities with chapters prepared by leaders in the field.This book takes a balanced approach in providing coverage of all major work done in the field, and thus provides readers a clear view of the frontier activities in the field. Other books may only focus on instrumentation, physics or computer algorithms. In contrast, this book contains all components so that the readers will obtain a full picture of the field. At the same time, readers can gain some deep insights into certain special topics such as 3D reconstruction and image enhancement software systems involving MRI, ultrasound, X-ray and other medical imaging modalities.